Pulmonology Flashcards
1 casue of ARDS is:
Sepsis
chemical exposure
burns
viruses that often cause acute Bronchitis are:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinovirus
Influenza
Corona
Unique paraneplastic syndrome for Adenocarcinoma is:
Thromboplebitis
Erythema Nodosum is often seen in what pulmonary condition?
Sarcoidosis
Trasudate vs. Exudate Effusion
Transudate__Exudate
total fluid protein: <3 g >3
fluid prot / serum prot: 0.5 0.5
fluid LDH/ serum LDH 0.6 0.6
causes CHF Malign
Renal
Cirrhosis
Atopy is:
Asthma predisposing factor.
genetic predipsoition to developm IgE in response to allergen.
CAP in HIV/AIDS pt is often caused by:
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Fungal
Signs and sx of pulmonary HTN:
Fatigue
Dyspnea on exersion
substernal chest pain
edema
Rt heart enlargement seen on ECG, Echo, chest X ray.
Immediate Asthmatic Response is:
causes immediate bronchoconstriction
reversed by SABA
Sx of Tension Pneumothorax:
Hypotension
Pleuritic Pain
Low Oxygen saturation
Distened JV
Diminished breath sounds
Definition of a lung mass is:
>3 cm.
Moderate Persistent Asthma:
Daily episodes
>1 night episodes per week.
tx: Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA (salmeterol)
COPD tx that increases survival is:
Supplemental O2
Treatment for CAP is
Doxycycline
or
Macroclides:
clarithromycin
azitrhomycn (Z pack)
Nasal Polyps
Chloride sweat test
Recurrent pneumonia
Fecal fat test
should make you think of:
Cystic Fibrosis
Diminished lung sounds are seen in what COPD?
Empysema
Pertussis stage that involves flu like symptoms (fever, nasal congestion, sneezing) is known as:
Catarrhal Stage
Facial Edema
Distended JV
in a pt with lung CA should make you think of:
SVC syndrome
Side effect of TB drugs:
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy (corrected with B6)
Rifampin - orange bodily fluids, hepatitis
Ethambutol - Optic neuritis, red-green blindness
Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia
Orthomyxovirus is also known as:
Influenza
Berryliosis pneumoconioses X ray findings are:
Hilar adenopathy
In smoke inhalation / carbon dioxide poisoning
it is crucial to order which test?
Carboxyhemoglobin
True O2 sat = O2 sat - Carboxyhemoglobin
Light Criteria includes:
Effusion protein is 50% or more of serum protein
e.i effusion pretein / serum protein is >0.5
Effusion LDH is 60% or more of serum protein
e.i effusion LDH / serum LDH is > 0.6
Ghon/Ranke focus/complex
seen in TB:
focus-sign of healed primary infection
complexe-focus plus hilar adenopathy
Caseating/necrotizing granulomas are:
biopsy result correlating to TB
Lung sound assosiated with Bronchitis:
Rhonchi
Wheezes that go away with coughing
Crackles
No Rales
Features of Mantoux testing:
measure induration and NOT the erythema
measure in 48-72 hours after the shot
Purified protein derivative
indicative of exposure not necessarily active disease
X-Ray findins of TB include:
Cavitation - signs of primary disease
Homogeneous infiltrates
Upper/Apex distributation
Chon/Ranke focus/comlex - healed primary infection
Example of Short Acting Agonist (SABA)
Example of Long Short Acting Agonist (LABA)
Albutorol (SABA)
Salmeterol, Formoterol (LABA)
Reyes syndrome can be produced if:
a child who hase influenza A/B or Varicella (Chicken pox) treated with Aspirin
leaking capillaries which result in spilling of protein into plueral cavity lead to:
Exudate Pleural Effusion.
Positive Light’s criteria
CAP in Student is most often caused by:
Mycoplasma pnemoniae
Chlamydia
Hospital/Nosocomial pneumonia are caused by which organisms:
Pseudomonas
S.Aureus
Klebsiella
E.Coli
Enterobacter
Sacroidosis is:
systemic disease
seen often in African blacks and Northern European
granulomas throughout the body including lungs
Blunting of Costophrenic seen on chest X-Ray is a sign of:
Pleural effusion.
Pnemocystis Pneumonia is caused by
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Exam signs of lobar / consolidated pneumonia:
+ bronchophony (spoken words a heard louder)
+ egophony ( “ee” is heard as an “A”)
+ whispered pectoriloquy (whispered words are heard louder and clear)
Classical X ray finding corresponding to Epiglottitis is:
Thumbprint sign on lateral C spine film
Distinguishing feature of COPD is
productive cough
Blue bloaters
COPD pt with SVT should be treated with:
CCB
(not Adenosine)
Active TB tx is:
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal, Pyrazinamide x 2 months
Pursed lips breathing is seen in pt’s with:
emphysema
Healthy lung tissue sounds _____ to percussion
Resonant
1 treatment for COPD is:
Smoking Cessation
Supplimental O2
FEV1/FVC < 75% is a predictor of:
Obstructive Pulm Disease:
COPD or ASTHMA
PE will often produce respiratory _________
alkolosis
red coloring of the urine and other secretions (saliva, tears, stool), hepatic toxicity is seen in what TB drug?
Rifampicin
non-necrotizing granulomatous finding on lung biopsy suggests what pathology?
Sarcoidosis
Uveitis is seen in what pulmonary conditoin?
(inflammation of the middle layer of the eye)
Sacroidosis
Oblique/major fissure devides:
Left lung into: upper and inferior lobes
Right lung into: upper, middle and lower lobes
X ray findings seen in Acute Resp Distress syndrome:
Bilat infiltrates that spare costophrenic angles
normal heart
Acute Cor Pulmonale caused by
Chronic Cor Pulmonale caused by
PE > acute Cor Pulmonale
COPD > Pulm HNT > chronich Cor Pulmonale
Carcinoid syndrome is:
diarrhea
flushing
Telangiectasia (visible small linear red blood vessels )
What importat diet modification should be made to pt with cystic fibrosis?
Fat-soluble vitamin supplements
Location of Lung Cancers:
Large cell & Adeno: Peripheral location (LA=costal)
Small cell, squamous: central location (S=Sentral)
Crackles and wheezes that clear with coughing are indicative of:
Bronchitis
Subacute cough last:
3-8 weeks
Hepatotoxic (rare), hyperuricemia is seen in what TB drug?
Pyrazinamide
Aspergilloma may be seen in the lungs after what conditon?
TB
Inhalation of car fume causes
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Intermittent/Controlled Asthma is defined as:
<2 episodes per week
and
<2 night episode per month
tx: SABA (Albutorol) PRN
Late Asthmatic Response is:
occures 4-12 h after the initial onset
infux of inflammatory cells
produces irreversible bronchial hyperplasia
Tension Pneumothorax is often caused by:
Penetrating truama
Mesothelioma originates from:
Pleural lining - majority
Peritoneal lining
Afib in a pt with COPD should be treated with:
CCB
(not Beta blockers)
Most common sx of a PE is:
Tachycardia
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer includes:
Squamous
Adenocarcinoma
Large Cell
(SALc)
Silicosis pneumoconioses and Coal Workers pneumoconioses produce what X ray findings:
Nodular opacities / “eggshell” with calcification in the appex of the lungs
Silicosis pneumoconioses has a high risk of
TB development
Etiology of Bronchitis is:
viral
what is the potential danage of performing Laryngoscopy in a pt. with Acute Epiglotitis?
Airway spasm.
Should only be done in OR setting.
CAP in pt with AIDS (CD4<200)
immonosuppressed pt
is caused by
Pneumocystitis jiroveci (PCP)
Diagnostitc test for pertussis is:
PCR
X ray finding corresponding to Mesothelioma are:
Unilateral
irregular , nodular pleural thickening
hemmorhagic pleural effusion
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is often seen in:
Sacroidosis
Dullness to lung percussion is indicative of:
consolidation/effusion
sx of Chronic Bronchitis:
Excessive mucous secretion
Chronic cough
Rales, ronchi, wheezes
Cyonosis
Which lung conditions produce dullness to percussion?
Pleural effusion
Tumor
Fibrosis
pneumonia
other condtions where air is being replaced.
Most common cause of Pulmonary HTN is:
Secondary causes:
COPD
Scleroderma
Definition of lung nodule/lesion is:
<3 cm.
Rust Colored sputum
Single rigor
CAP caused by S.Pneumoniae
Pertussis is seen in what age group?
children<2 y.o
Hyper resonance to percussion is a signs of:
Pneumothorax
ASTHMA
COPD
Consolidated pneumonia ___________
tactile fremitus.
Increase
CAP in a PT with spleenectomy is often casued by:
S.pneumoniae
H.Influenza
Unique breathing sound that corralates to upper respiratory obstruction is known as:
Stridor
Optic neuritis, difficulty distinguishing between blue and green is seen in what TB drug?
Ethambutol:
Tram-track or ring-like markings
Honeycombing markings
X ray findings corresponding to:
Bronchiectasis
Sx of Reye’s syndrome inlcude:
CNS sx.
liver failure
Cough for 3 or more month/year x 2 years is known as:
Chronic Bronchitis / COPD
Reid index:
meausures mucus gland layer on the bronchial wall
Reid index is >50% seen in chronic bronchitis pt.
Treatment for croup
Steroids
Rt. Lung has ___ lobes
Three
Contraindication to Flue vaccine is:
Egg allergy
febrile illness
Thrombocytopenia
CAP caused in air conditioning / aerosolized water is usually secondary to what microrganism?
Legionella pneumophia
Barrel Chest is seen in
Emphysema
sx of Idiopathy Pulmonary Fibrosis
Inspiratory Crackles
patchy fibrosis
reduces lung volume
reduced FVC
inreased FEV1 / FVC
most common cause of Acute Resp Distress syndrome is:
sepsis