urological and renal disorders Flashcards
Normal function of the kidney
Filtration
Removal of waste substance
Keeping the essential substance within the blood: e.g. blood cells, large protein including albumin
Control salt and water balance
Control of acid/base balance
Hormone: erythropoietin (EPO) production: essential for synthesis of Haemoglobin (Hb
Vitamin D: 1-α-hydroxylation of vitamin D
what are kidney dystfuncttions
Filtration failure
Unwell with accumulation of waste substance
Haematuria and proteinuria, low serum protein, including albumin, in blood
Hypertension, water retention (sometimes dehydration because unable to make concentrated urine)
Metabolic acidosis
Anaemia
Vitamin D deficiency and secondary
hyperparathyroidism
what are possible obstructions down the uniray system
Stones
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
what are neoplastic causes
Kidney, bladder, prostatic, testicular cancer
Developmental /Genetic
Polycystic kidneys, horseshoe kidney
what is Polycystic kidneys,
Polycystic kidney disease (also called PKD) causes numerous cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts are filled with fluid. If too many cysts grow or if they get too big, the kidneys can become damaged. PKD cysts can slowly replace much of the kidneys, reducing kidney function and leading to kidney failure
what is horseshoe kidney
and side effects
horseshoe kidney when the 2 kidneys join (fuse) together at the bottom to form a U shape like a horseshoe. It is also known as renal fusion. The condition occurs when a baby is growing in the womb, as the baby’s kidneys move into place. Horseshoe kidney can occur alone or with other disorders.
restlessness. sweating. nausea and/or vomiting. blood in urine. changes in urinary frequency. chills.
what else can effect the urinary system
Inflammatory Infection, including cystitis Non-infective causes: Metabolic, including diabetic nephropathy Immunological Nephritic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome
