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nuero > pns > Flashcards

pns Flashcards

1
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

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2
Q

Somatic afferent nerves convey information

A

from skin, skeletal muscle and joints

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3
Q

Somatic efferent nerves convey information

A

to skeletal muscles

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4
Q

Dermatome

A

An area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

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5
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve.

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6
Q

Sympathetic efferent nerves innervate

A

innervate the viscera (organs) and periphery (vasculature and sweat glands)

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7
Q

Parasympathetic efferent nerves innervate

A

the viscera (organs) only

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8
Q

what is A ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

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9
Q

what is A plexus

A

network of interconnecting nerves

nerves from different spinal levels mix to produce a peripheral nerve

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10
Q

what is A nucleus

A

a collection of cell bodies inside the CNS

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11
Q

All afferent (somatic and visceral) fibres have their cell bodies

A

n spinal ganglia

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12
Q

Visceral efferent nerves synapse in

A

in a peripheral ganglion.

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13
Q

what are Peripheral nerves arranged in

A

fasciculi (bundle)

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14
Q

how many of connective tissues are there

A

3

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15
Q

what are they

A

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium

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16
Q

what is the epineurium

A

External vascular layer

covering all bundles

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17
Q

perineurium

A

Individual fascicles

covering a bundle

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18
Q

endoneurium

A

Individual axons

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19
Q

what are the Two classification systems

A

One based on conduction velocity (Uses letters A, B & C – with A the fastest)

One based on axonal diameter (sensory only)
Uses Roman numerals I-IV – with I the largest diameter

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20
Q

what are extrenal receptors called

A

exteroceptors

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21
Q

what are the internal receptors called (2)

A

Proprioceptors

Enteroceptors

22
Q

what do Enteroceptors do

A

sensation recieved in the body, like movement through gut, blood ph

23
Q

Proprioceptors

A

supply information regarding movement and join position

24
Q

Chemoreceptors

detect

A

Detector molecules which bind to receptor, e.g. in olfactory bulb

25
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Detect light in retina

26
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect temperature in skin

27
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanical opening of ion channels, e.g. touch receptors in skin

28
Q

Nociceptors

A

Detect tissue damage, interpreted as pain

29
Q

what do Muscle spindles

detect

A

Detect changes in muscles length

30
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Detect changes in tension in tendons

31
Q

Joint receptors

A

Found in joint capsules – detect start and end of movement

32
Q

what is a Neuromuscular junction

A

Specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre

33
Q

what is a Motor unit

A

A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibres that it innervates. It is the smallest functional unit with which to produce force.

34
Q

what is a Reflex action

A

An involuntary coordinated pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation elicited by peripheral stimuli.

35
Q

where do you strike a hammer when testing

A

patella ligament

36
Q

pathway for a mono synaptic reflex

A
  1. Stretching stimulates SENSORY RECEPTOR (muscle spindle)
  2. SENSORY NEURON activated
  3. Within INTEGRATING CENTRE (spinal cord) sensory neuron activates motor neuron
  4. MOTOR NEURON activated
  5. EFFECTOR (same muscle) contracts and relieves the stretching
37
Q

what else happens

A

reflex inhabition of the antagonist muscle

to help with the reflex

38
Q

from what points does the sypmathetic system have its outtflow

A

t1 to l2 spinal segments

39
Q

and psns

A

from brainstem to sacral

40
Q

what is the parasypmathetic outflow supply known as

A

craniosacral outflow

41
Q

symp

A

thoroculumbar

42
Q

what does the Visceral sensory relay sensory info about

A

Pain, fullness, blood pressure

43
Q

if symp where do they enter

A

T1-L2

44
Q

and if ps

A

S2-S4

45
Q

and what cranial nerves do they use

A

IX and X

46
Q

Visceral motor

controls…

A

Controls pupils, sweat glands, salivary glands, heart muscle, airways

47
Q

if s

A

Thoracolumbar (T1-L2

48
Q

ps

A

craniosacral outflow (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X)

49
Q

are there any symp nerves emerging from cervical spinal cord

A

no

50
Q

what are the sypmathetic chains/s paravertebral trunks

A

protect the vertebral column

51
Q

what are the collection of nerves sourrounding the heart called

A

cardiac plexus

nuero (36 decks)

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