pns

Question 1

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 1

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 2

Somatic afferent nerves convey information

Answer 2

from skin, skeletal muscle and joints

Question 3

Somatic efferent nerves convey information

Answer 3

to skeletal muscles

Question 4

Dermatome

Answer 4

An area of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 5

Myotome

Answer 5

Group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Question 6

Sympathetic efferent nerves innervate

Answer 6

innervate the viscera (organs) and periphery (vasculature and sweat glands)

Question 7

Parasympathetic efferent nerves innervate

Answer 7

the viscera (organs) only

Question 8

what is A ganglion

Answer 8

collection of cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 9

what is A plexus

Answer 9

network of interconnecting nerves

nerves from different spinal levels mix to produce a peripheral nerve

Question 10

what is A nucleus

Answer 10

a collection of cell bodies inside the CNS

Question 11

All afferent (somatic and visceral) fibres have their cell bodies

Answer 11

n spinal ganglia

Question 12

Visceral efferent nerves synapse in

Answer 12

in a peripheral ganglion.

Question 13

what are Peripheral nerves arranged in

Answer 13

fasciculi (bundle)

Question 14

how many of connective tissues are there

Answer 14

3

Question 15

what are they

Answer 15

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium

Question 16

what is the epineurium

Answer 16

External vascular layer

covering all bundles

Question 17

perineurium

Answer 17

Individual fascicles

covering a bundle

Question 18

endoneurium

Answer 18

Individual axons

Question 19

what are the Two classification systems

Answer 19

One based on conduction velocity (Uses letters A, B & C – with A the fastest)

One based on axonal diameter (sensory only)
Uses Roman numerals I-IV – with I the largest diameter

Question 20

what are extrenal receptors called

Answer 20

exteroceptors

Question 21

what are the internal receptors called (2)

Answer 21

Proprioceptors

Enteroceptors

Question 22

what do Enteroceptors do

Answer 22

sensation recieved in the body, like movement through gut, blood ph

Question 23

Proprioceptors

Answer 23

supply information regarding movement and join position

Question 24

Chemoreceptors

detect

Answer 24

Detector molecules which bind to receptor, e.g. in olfactory bulb

Question 25

Photoreceptors

Answer 25

Detect light in retina

Question 26

Thermoreceptors

Answer 26

Detect temperature in skin

Question 27

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 27

Mechanical opening of ion channels, e.g. touch receptors in skin

Question 28

Nociceptors

Answer 28

Detect tissue damage, interpreted as pain

Question 29

what do Muscle spindles | detect

Answer 29

Detect changes in muscles length

Question 30

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 30

Detect changes in tension in tendons

Question 31

Joint receptors

Answer 31

Found in joint capsules – detect start and end of movement

Question 32

what is a Neuromuscular junction

Answer 32

Specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre

Question 33

what is a Motor unit

Answer 33

A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibres that it innervates. It is the smallest functional unit with which to produce force.

Question 34

what is a Reflex action

Answer 34

An involuntary coordinated pattern of muscle contraction and relaxation elicited by peripheral stimuli.

Question 35

where do you strike a hammer when testing

Answer 35

patella ligament

Question 36

pathway for a mono synaptic reflex

Answer 36

1. Stretching stimulates SENSORY RECEPTOR (muscle spindle) 2. SENSORY NEURON activated 3. Within INTEGRATING CENTRE (spinal cord) sensory neuron activates motor neuron 4. MOTOR NEURON activated 5. EFFECTOR (same muscle) contracts and relieves the stretching

Question 37

what else happens

Answer 37

reflex inhabition of the antagonist muscle | to help with the reflex

Question 38

from what points does the sypmathetic system have its outtflow

Answer 38

t1 to l2 spinal segments

Question 39

and psns

Answer 39

from brainstem to sacral

Question 40

what is the parasypmathetic outflow supply known as

Answer 40

craniosacral outflow

Question 41

symp

Answer 41

thoroculumbar

Question 42

what does the Visceral sensory relay sensory info about

Answer 42

Pain, fullness, blood pressure

Question 43

if symp where do they enter

Answer 43

T1-L2

Question 44

and if ps

Answer 44

S2-S4

Question 45

and what cranial nerves do they use

Answer 45

IX and X

Question 46

Visceral motor | controls...

Answer 46

Controls pupils, sweat glands, salivary glands, heart muscle, airways

Question 47

if s

Answer 47

Thoracolumbar (T1-L2

Question 48

ps

Answer 48

craniosacral outflow (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X)

Question 49

are there any symp nerves emerging from cervical spinal cord

Answer 49

no

Question 50

what are the sypmathetic chains/s paravertebral trunks

Answer 50

protect the vertebral column

Question 51

what are the collection of nerves sourrounding the heart called

Answer 51

cardiac plexus