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atomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

ANS Sub-division of the

A

peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

is it ubder consius control

A

NOT under conscious control

automotic

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3
Q

what does it control

A

Controls non-skeletal peripheral function:

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4
Q

examples

A

Cardiac muscle (heart)
Smooth muscle
Internal organs
Skin

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5
Q

somatic sensory responds to what stimuli

A

external

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6
Q

Visceral sensory

responds to what stimuli

A

internal

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7
Q

how are the info carried to the brain

A

via cranial/spinal nerves (PNS)

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8
Q

lastly

A

relayed to the brain

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9
Q

what is teh sensory division known as

A

afferent

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10
Q

and the motor

A

efferent

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11
Q

what are the 2 branches of the motor division

A

Somatic motor

Visceral motor

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12
Q

which path do the para/sympthatetic pathways originate from

A

Visceral motor

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13
Q

what arises from the efferent divsion

A

somatic and automic nervous system

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14
Q

what is the automic nervsous system branches

A

sympathetic and para

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15
Q

function of Parasympathetic

A

“Rest & Digest”

Routine maintenance

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16
Q

Sympathetic

function

A

“Fight & Flight”
Mobilisation & increased
metabolism

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17
Q

can they innervate/stimulate the same tissue

A

yes

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18
Q

what affect

A

opposing/antagonistic

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19
Q

pns and sns affect on STOMACH

A

Parasympathetic
higher motility & secretions of digesting enzmye
opposite for s

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20
Q

Liver pns and sns

A

more bile release in pns

sns: more glucose

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21
Q

what is the other exception to opposing rule

A

SNS controls blood vessel tone – both constriction and dilation

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22
Q

what do baroreceptors respond to

A

blood pressure

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23
Q

if bp is high

A

the baroreceptors firing rate is high

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24
Q

how is the sypmathtic nervous system dominant ove rpns

A

e.g. baroreceptor firing rate drop
stimulus to inhibit the sympathetic nervous system drops
so sns switches on

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25
Q

what is the system called

A

disinhibition

In psychology, disinhibition is a lack of restraint manifested in

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26
Q

Visceral motor nuclei originate in

A

the hypothalamus.

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27
Q

where do the VMN project to next

A

brainstem/spinal cord

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28
Q

what happens there

A

they synapse with automin nuerons §

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29
Q

In general, autonomic neurons consist of how many nuerons

A

two neurons

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30
Q

what are they

A

a pre-ganglionic and a post-ganglionic neuron

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31
Q

what is a ganglion

A

nerve cell cluster or group of nerve cell bodies

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32
Q

describe the ganglions in PNS

A

Long pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to (or embedded within) effector tissues.
so a Short post-ganglionic fibres

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33
Q

and SNS

A

Short pre-ganglionic fibres
Ganglions close to spinal cord.
Long post-ganglionic fibres

34
Q

what is the sympathetic trunks

A

lots of nerves running parralell to the spinal cord

35
Q

what doe sit cause

A

mass activation

36
Q

what is the one exception to two neuron arrangement in ANS

A

Sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland

37
Q

what is inbetween the pre and post ganglionic fibres

A

the ganglion

38
Q

how does it differ to the 2 nueron rule

A

only has one nerve stimulating the adrenal gland

39
Q

what do both pre and post ganglionic fibres release at their synapse at the PNS

A

Ach = Acetylcholine

40
Q

w a the sypmathetic pre and post ganglionic fibres

A

pre releases Ach = Acetylcholine

post releases NA = Noradrenaline

41
Q

why doesnt the Sympathetic NS when activating the adrenal gland have a post gf

A

Adrenal gland secretes a hormone
NOT a neurotransmitter

Adrenaline (and some noradrenaline)

Secreted into bloodstream
NOT synapse

42
Q

what part of the adrena gland relasaes adrenaline

A

medulla

43
Q

how many sympathetic nuerons are there in the lung

A

There are NO sympathetic neurons innervating the lung tissue
only PN

44
Q

so how does dilation of the

broncho take place

A

SNS stimulate teh release of adrenaline from adrenal medulla
a will pass to the lung via blood
diffuse into the long
causing broncho dilation

45
Q

when smelling food what nervous system is activated

A

PNS tells stomach to strat contratcing and relaseaing digestion enzymes

reflex response

46
Q

what is the guts own nervous system called

A

enteric nervous system

nervous control in gut that can occur independenlty of the gut

47
Q

what is the sensory information recived by your bladder

A

pressure

48
Q

what muscle does the PNS control

A

Detrusor muscle

49
Q

function

A

control the bladder

50
Q

what does the SNS control

A

Internal sphincter

51
Q

moderate pressure is controlled by what

A

SNS the Internal sphincter

is closed/contracted

52
Q

what happens as it reaches a certain point

A

para switched on and s switched off

53
Q

causing

A

Detrusor muscle
Contracts
Internal sphincter
Relaxes

54
Q

Q: What type of receptor would you want at autonomic ganglia?

A

Nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptor

Ion channel receptor

55
Q

what is special aboutIon channel receptor

A

FAST response (msecs)Mediate all fast excitatory and inhibitory transmission

56
Q

function of Nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors

A

mediate the responses to acetylcholine released from preganglionic fibres at all autonomic ganglia.

57
Q

what do they do at sympathetic nerves to the adrenal gland

A

mediate the response to acetylcholine released by sympathetic nerves innervating the adrenal medulla

58
Q

what are Muscarinic Ach receptor

A

respond to Ach release from post-ganglionic PNS fibres.

59
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

respond to NA release from post-ganglionic SNS fibres or adrenaline via blood.

60
Q

what type of receptors are both of them

A

g coupled protien receptors

61
Q

how to make acetly choline

A

Choline + acetyl CoA

62
Q

what enzyme needed

A

choline acetyl transferase

63
Q

how is Ach degraded and where

A

synapse

acetylcholinesterase

64
Q

what happens to the choline

A

taken up into preST or glial by choline uptake protien

65
Q

What happens if you block acetylcholinesterase?

A

accumalation of ach

more powerful affect

66
Q

how is noradrelanine made

step 1

A

Tyrosine converted to DOPA

67
Q

by what enxyme

A

by tyrosine hydroxylase

68
Q

next step

A

DOPA converted to dopamine

69
Q

by what enzyme

A

DOPA decarboxlase

70
Q

what is packaged in vesicle

A

Dopamine

dopamine β hydroxylase

71
Q

what is the product

A

Noradrenaline

72
Q

what receptor is activated when Noradrenaline is exocytosed

A

adrenergic

73
Q

how is it removed from synapse

A

synapse via uptake into pre-synaptic terminal or glial cell;

Can be metabolised in the synapse prior to uptake

74
Q

what protien uptakes it in PreST

A

uptake 1 protien

75
Q

and in glial

A

uptake 2

76
Q

How would this change for adrenaline release from adrenal gland?

A

same stuff to convert to noradrelaline

but its then coverted to phenylethanol

77
Q

where

A

cytoplasm

78
Q

by what enzyme

A

methyl trasnferase

79
Q

is the exocytosis different

A

no

same stuff like action potential casuing ca 2+ influx

80
Q

next

A
  1. Adrenaline diffuses into capillary and is transported to tissues in the blood
81
Q

Autonomic sensory (afferent) information relayed to

A

hypothalamus

82
Q

where does ANS neurons originate

A

in brainstem/spinal cord

nuero (36 decks)

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