Urine Lab Stuff

Question 0

How long can a urine sample be refrigerated?

Answer 0

6 hours

Question 1

How long should you look at urine after you get it? When should it be refrigerated?

Answer 1

Within one hour to look at it or refrigerate

Question 2

What twmperature does urine need to be for specific gravity?

Answer 2

Room temp

Question 3

What are seven things that can happen as urine sample sits at room temp?

Answer 3

RBC decrease
Casts decrease
Glucose decreases 
pH increases
Bacteria increase
Turbidity increase
Crystals increase

Question 4

Why does the pH increase in a urine sample as it sits out?

Answer 4

Bacterial breakdown of urea to ammonia

Question 5

What should you look for in a gross examination?

Answer 5

Urine volume
Urine color
Transparency
Odor
Foam

Question 6

What do you look for in urine volume? 3

Answer 6

Normal
Polyuria
Oliguria

Question 7

What should you look for in urine color? 2

Answer 7

Normal
Abnormal

Some shade of yellow

Question 8

What should you look for in transparency? 3

Answer 8

Clear, cloudy, flocculent

Question 9

What should you look for with odor and foam? 2

Answer 9

Normal and abnormal

Question 10

What does pH measure?

Answer 10

The H+ concentration in urine

Question 11

What is the ph of carnivores?

Answer 11

<7

Question 12

What is throw in herbivores?

Answer 12

> 7

Question 13

What is abnormally low ph associated with? 4

Answer 13

Hypo ventilation
Starvation
vomiting
Diarrhea

Question 14

What is abnormally high pH associated with? 3

Answer 14

Hyperventilation
Bacterial UTI
Postprandial urine Sample

Question 15

How can pH be falsely increased?

Answer 15

If urine is left out at room temp for a long time

Question 16

What will a false PH read?

Answer 16

Alkaline

Question 17

Is protien usually dectactable on a dipstick?

Answer 17

Not usually, but low amounts is normal

Question 18

What can effect protien level?

Answer 18

Method of collection

Prolonged contact with the test pad

Question 19

What does protienuria indicate?

Answer 19

Disease:kidney damaged, urinary tract inflammation

Question 20

Is glucose normally detectable in urine?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

When will glycosidic occur in dogs?

Answer 21

When they reach >170-180 mg/DL

Question 22

When will glucosuria occur in a cat?

Answer 22

When >260-310

Question 23

What are three conditions associated with glucosuria?

Answer 23

Diabetes mellitus, stress/excitement, carb meal

Question 24

What can cause a false reading of glucose?

Answer 24

Decreased in refrigerator

Question 25

Where do ketones come from?

Answer 25

Result from fat breakdown

Question 26

Are ketones normally detected in urine?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What are four ways ketones can occur?

Answer 27

Diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, toxemia/ketosis, starvation/fasting

Question 28

What are bile pigments?what are two bile pigments?

Answer 28

Chemicals derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin

Question 29

What are two bile pigments?

Answer 29

Bilirubin and urobilinogen

Question 30

What can cause bilirubinurea?

Answer 30

RBC destruction, hepaticellular damage, bile duct obstruction

Question 31

Small quantities of what can be detected in normal dogs?

Answer 31

Normal dogs

Question 32

Is bilirubin stable in irons samples?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What can cause hematuria?

Answer 33

Bacterial UTI, urolithiasis, interstitial cystitis, neoplasia, renal disease, trauma

Question 34

What will urine look like with hematuria? 3

Answer 34

Wine, brown, cloudy red

Question 35

What can happen with hematuria and a centrifuge?

Answer 35

Abnormal color may disappear

Question 36

Is hemoglobin found in urine?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

What are two things that can cause hemoglobinuria?

Answer 37

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion, incompatability

Question 38

What is the color of hemoglobinuria?

Answer 38

Wine, brown, cloudy red

Question 39

Will the color change with hemoglobinuria after centrifugation?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

Why is myoglobin?

Answer 40

Oxygen carrying molecules found in muscle that are similar to hemoglobin

Question 41

What does myoglobin do to the color of the urine?

Answer 41

Dark brown to black

Question 42

When Is myoglobin observed?

Answer 42

When significant muscle damage occurs

Question 43

What are three things that can cause myoglobin in the urine?

Answer 43

Rhabdomyolysis, trauma, toxicity

Question 44

What does pyuria mean?

Answer 44

Indicative of inflammation in the urimary tract/leukocytes

Question 45

What are two causes of pyuria?

Answer 45

Bacterial UTI and urolithiasis

Question 46

Why would you preform a urinary sediment analysis?

Answer 46

Detect abnormalities not seen in gross or biochemical analysis

Question 47

Sample for urinary sediment analysis should be what? 3

Answer 47

Fresh Concentrated Collected by cysti