Urine Lab Stuff Flashcards
How long can a urine sample be refrigerated?
6 hours
How long should you look at urine after you get it? When should it be refrigerated?
Within one hour to look at it or refrigerate
What twmperature does urine need to be for specific gravity?
Room temp
What are seven things that can happen as urine sample sits at room temp?
RBC decrease Casts decrease Glucose decreases pH increases Bacteria increase Turbidity increase Crystals increase
Why does the pH increase in a urine sample as it sits out?
Bacterial breakdown of urea to ammonia
What should you look for in a gross examination?
Urine volume Urine color Transparency Odor Foam
What do you look for in urine volume? 3
Normal
Polyuria
Oliguria
What should you look for in urine color? 2
Normal
Abnormal
Some shade of yellow
What should you look for in transparency? 3
Clear, cloudy, flocculent
What should you look for with odor and foam? 2
Normal and abnormal
What does pH measure?
The H+ concentration in urine
What is the ph of carnivores?
<7
What is throw in herbivores?
> 7
What is abnormally low ph associated with? 4
Hypo ventilation
Starvation
vomiting
Diarrhea
What is abnormally high pH associated with? 3
Hyperventilation
Bacterial UTI
Postprandial urine Sample
How can pH be falsely increased?
If urine is left out at room temp for a long time
What will a false PH read?
Alkaline
Is protien usually dectactable on a dipstick?
Not usually, but low amounts is normal
What can effect protien level?
Method of collection
Prolonged contact with the test pad
What does protienuria indicate?
Disease:kidney damaged, urinary tract inflammation
Is glucose normally detectable in urine?
No
When will glycosidic occur in dogs?
When they reach >170-180 mg/DL
When will glucosuria occur in a cat?
When >260-310
What are three conditions associated with glucosuria?
Diabetes mellitus, stress/excitement, carb meal
What can cause a false reading of glucose?
Decreased in refrigerator
Where do ketones come from?
Result from fat breakdown
Are ketones normally detected in urine?
No
What are four ways ketones can occur?
Diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, toxemia/ketosis, starvation/fasting
What are bile pigments?what are two bile pigments?
Chemicals derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin
What are two bile pigments?
Bilirubin and urobilinogen
What can cause bilirubinurea?
RBC destruction, hepaticellular damage, bile duct obstruction
Small quantities of what can be detected in normal dogs?
Normal dogs
Is bilirubin stable in irons samples?
No
What can cause hematuria?
Bacterial UTI, urolithiasis, interstitial cystitis, neoplasia, renal disease, trauma
What will urine look like with hematuria? 3
Wine, brown, cloudy red
What can happen with hematuria and a centrifuge?
Abnormal color may disappear
Is hemoglobin found in urine?
No
What are two things that can cause hemoglobinuria?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion, incompatability
What is the color of hemoglobinuria?
Wine, brown, cloudy red
Will the color change with hemoglobinuria after centrifugation?
No
Why is myoglobin?
Oxygen carrying molecules found in muscle that are similar to hemoglobin
What does myoglobin do to the color of the urine?
Dark brown to black
When Is myoglobin observed?
When significant muscle damage occurs
What are three things that can cause myoglobin in the urine?
Rhabdomyolysis, trauma, toxicity
What does pyuria mean?
Indicative of inflammation in the urimary tract/leukocytes
What are two causes of pyuria?
Bacterial UTI and urolithiasis
Why would you preform a urinary sediment analysis?
Detect abnormalities not seen in gross or biochemical analysis
Sample for urinary sediment analysis should be what? 3
Fresh
Concentrated
Collected by cysti
