Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Flashcards
What are the risk factors of a UTI?
- Female-shorter urethra
- Sex-spread bacteria around perineum
- Immunocompromised-Diabetes
- Long term catheter
- Pregnancy
What is the main bacterial cause of UTI?
E.coli
What are the other causes of UTI?
- Staph saprophyticus
* Klebsiella
What are the 2 types of UTI?
Complicated
Uncomplicated
What is an uncomplicated cause of UTI?
Young, sexually active females
What is a complicated UTI?
Everyone else
When would you suspect a UTI?
- Very old: incontinence and off their feet
* Very young: unwell and failure to thrive
How does a UTI present in children?
Strong smelling urine
Irritable
How does a UTI present in eldery?
Confusion
How does acute pyelonephritis present?
- High fever, rigors
- Vomiting
- Loin pain
- Haematuria
How does cystitis and proctitis present?
- Frequency and urgency
- Dysuria
- Suprapubic pain
- Confusion in elderly
What investigations are carried out to diagnose a UTI?
Urine dipstick
MSSU
What would you look for on a urine dipstick?
Nitrites
Leukocytes
What would you look for with MSSU to diagnose a UTI?
Bacteria greater than 105 or
Bacteria greater than 102 and pyrexia
What is the management of cystitis?
Trimethoprim (ciprofloxacin or co-amoxiclav)
How many days is trimethoprim given for to children and men?
7 days
How many days is trimethoprim given for a woman?
3 days
How do you treat pyelonephritis?
Broad spectrum cephalosporin (main)
Quinolone
Gentamicin
(for non-pregnant women)
How do you treat proctitis?
Ciprofloxacin
How do you manage a UTI in a pregnant woman?
Nitrofurantoin- avoid at end of term
Amoxicillin or cefalexin- safest always
Which drug is safe in the third term but should generally be avoided?
Trimethoprim- teratogenic in first term
