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Urinary > Testicular cancer > Flashcards

Testicular cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of testicular cancer?

A

Seminoma

Teratoma

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2
Q

What does seminoma affect?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

What does teratoma affect?

A

Mature and immature germ cells

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4
Q

Which form of testicular cancer has a better prognosis?

A

Seminoma

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5
Q

What are possible risk factors for testicular cancer?

A
  • infertility
  • cryptorchidism
  • family history
  • Klinefelter’s syndrome
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6
Q

By how much does infertility increase the risk of testicular cancer?

A

Increases the risk by 3x

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7
Q

How does testicular cancer present?

A
  • Firm lump on testis
  • Gynaecomastia
  • Hydrocele
  • Back pain
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8
Q

Why would you get back pain with testicular cancer?

A

Spread to para-aortic lymph

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9
Q

What is first line in the diagnosis of testicular cancer?

A

Ultrasound

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10
Q

Which tumour biomarker is related to teratoma?

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

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11
Q

Which tumour biomarker is related to seminoma?

A

HCG is elevated in around 20% of seminomas

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12
Q

Which tumour biomarker is related to Choriocarcinoma?

A

B-human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

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13
Q

What would you use to look for metastasis?

A

Staging CT

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14
Q

What is the management of seminoma?

A

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

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15
Q

What is the management of teratoma?

A

Radical Orchidectomy

removal of testicle and spermatic cord

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16
Q

What is a possible side effect of radical orchidectomy?

A

Reduced fertility

17
Q

What is the main presentation of testicular cancer?

A

Painless lump on testicle

18
Q

How can the testicular lumo be described?

A

Non-tender (or even reduced sensation)
Arising from testicle
Hard
Irregular
Not fluctuant
No transillumination

19
Q

How is testicular cancer staged?

A

Royal Marsden Staging System

20
Q

What is stage 1 testicular cancer?

A

Isolated to the testicle

21
Q

What is stage 2 testicular cancer?

A

Spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes

22
Q

What is stage 3 testicular cancer?

A

Spread to the lymph nodes above the diaphragm

23
Q

What is stage 4 testicular cancer?

A

Metastasised to other organs

24
Q

Can the testicular lump be separated from the underlying testicle?

A

No

25
Q

What type of cancer is testicular cancer?

A

Germ cell tumours

26
Q

What does a raised AFP exclude?

A

It excludes a seminoma

Urinary (38 decks)

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