Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
What is IgA nephropathy also known as?
Berger’s disease
What is the commonest cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?
IgA nephropathy
Which conditions are associated with IgA nephropathy?
- alcoholic cirrhosis
- coeliac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
How does IgA nephropathy normally present?
Episodic haematuria
Sore throat
Young person
What is IgA nephropathy caused by?
Mesangial deposition of IgA immune complexes
What would you see on IgA nephropathy histology
Mesangial hypercellularity
Positive immunofluorescence for IgA & C3
When does post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis occur?
1-3 weeks following an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
3-6 weeks following a skin infection.
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Which type of syndrome is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Nephritic
What bacteria causes post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis caused by?
Immune complex (IgG, IgM and C3) deposition in the glomeruli.
Who is most commonly affected by post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Young people
How does post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis present?
Headache Malaise Visible haematuria Proteinuria- this may result in oedema Hypertension Oliguria
What might you find in the blood of someone with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Low C3
Raised ASO titre (Anti-streptolysin O antibodies)
What might you see with immunofluorescence in someone with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Granular or ‘starry sky’ appearance
What is another name for cresenteric glomerulonephritis?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Wegner’s granulomatosis
What is granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Autoimmune condition associated with a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis
What does granulomatosis with polyangiitis affect?
Both the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as the kidneys.
What upper respiratory tract symptoms do you get with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Epistaxis
Sinusitis
Nasal crusting
What lower respiratory tract symptoms do you get with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
What additional symptoms do you get with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Saddle-shape nose deformity Vasculitic rash Eye involvement (e.g. proptosis) Cranial nerve lesions Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
What predisposes people with nephrotic syndrome to the development of venous thromboembolism?
Loss of antithrombin-III, proteins C and S and an associated rise in fibrinogen
