Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary > Prostate cancer > Flashcards

Prostate cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main risk factors of prostate cancer?

A

increasing age
obesity
Afro-Caribbean ethnicity
family history: around 5-10% of cases have a strong family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What genes in the family history are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer?

A

HCP1, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different ways that prostate cancer can present?

A

Asymptomatic
Local
Advanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would you find if the prostate cancer was asymptomatic?

A

Abnormal digital rectal examination

Raised PSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would you find if the prostate cancer was local?

A

Haematuria
Haematospermia
Benign outflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would find if the prostate cancer was advanced?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Spinal cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the triad that is used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer?

A

Raised PSA
Abnormal DRE
TRUS guided biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is now the first line investigation of someone suspected of having localised prostate cancer?

A

Multiparametric MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is PSA used for?

A

To monitor the progression of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Before you take PSA, what should the man abstain from doing?

A

Ejaculation or vigorous exercise for 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does prostate cancer metastasise to?

A
  • Lymph nodes

* Bone, lung and viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is prostate cancer graded?

A

The Gleason Grading score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a high grade suggest?

A

The worse the prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the management of localised prostate cancer (T1/T2)?

A

conservative: active monitoring & watchful waiting
radical prostatectomy
radiotherapy: external beam and brachytherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management of localised prostate cancer?

A

conservative: active monitoring & watchful waiting
radical prostatectomy
radiotherapy: external beam and brachytherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the management of localised advanced prostate cancer (T3/T4)?

A

hormonal therapy: Goserelin
radical prostatectomy
radiotherapy- external beam and brachytherapy

17
Q

What is the management of metastatic prostate cancer?

A

Hormonal therapy
Chemical castration: Goserelin (GnRH agonist)

18
Q

What is a possible compilation of radical prostatectomy? (removal of the prostate)

A

Erectile dysfunction

Urinary incontinence

19
Q

What are other possible cause of raised PSA?

A

Acute urinary retention
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatitis
Urinary tract infections
Vigorous exercise

20
Q

How would a cancerous prostate feel on DRE?

A

Firm or hard, asymmetrical, craggy or irregular, with loss of the central sulcus.

21
Q

What are the results of a multiparametic MRI reported on

A

Likert scale

22
Q

What number on the likert scale would indicate that a biopsy should be carried out?

A

3 and above

23
Q

What are the main complications of radical prostatectomy?

A

Erectile dysfunction
Urinary incontinence.

24
Q

What are the possible side effects of hormonal therapy?

A

Decreased labido
Impotence
Infertility
Gynecomastia
Osteoporosis

25
Q

What type of cancer does prostate cancer tend to be?

A

Adenocarcinoma

26
Q

The use of which drugs increases the risk of prostate cancer?

A

The use of anabolic steroids

27
Q

What type of drug is Goserelin?

A

GnRH agonist

28
Q

What are possible complications of radiotherapy?

A

increased risk of bladder, colon and rectal cancer

29
Q

What can Goserelin cause initially?

A

Transient increase in symptoms of prostatic cancer- The ‘flare effect’ and is caused by an initial increase in luteinizing hormone production prior to receptor down-regulation.

30
Q

What can be given to avoid the flare effect from goserelin?

A

Pre-treatment with Flutamide

31
Q

What is flutamide?

A

A synthetic antiandrogen

32
Q

What medication do you give along with goserelin?

A

cyproterone acetate

33
Q

What is the function of cyproterone acetate?

A

Prevent paradoxical increase in symptoms with GnRH agonists

Urinary (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions