Haematuria Flashcards
What is microscopic haematuria?
Non-visible haematuria
What is macroscopic haematuria?
Visible haematuria
What are the possible causes of transient or spurious non-visible haematuria?
urinary tract infection
menstruation
vigorous exercise (this normally settles after around 3 days)
sexual intercourse
What are the possible causes of persistent non-visible haematuria?
cancer (bladder, renal, prostate)
stones
benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatitis
urethritis e.g. Chlamydia
renal causes
What cancers are associated with persistent visible haaematuria?
Bladder
Renal
Prostate
What are the possible renal causes of persistent visible haematuria?
IgA nephropathy
Thin basement membrane disease
What are the possible causes of red/orange urine that isn’t blood?
foods: beetroot, rhubarb
drugs: rifampicin, doxorubicin
How is haematuria detected?
urine dipstick
What is persistent non-visible haematuria classified as?
Blood being present in 2 out of 3 samples tested 2-3 weeks apart
What needs to be checked when someone presents with haematuria?
Renal function
Albumin:creatinine (ACR)
Protein:creatinine ratio (PCR)
Blood pressure
What is the management of someone Aged >= 45 years and unexplained visible haematuria without urinary tract infection?
Urgent referral- within 2 weeks
What is the management ofsomeone aged >= 45 years with visible haematuria that persists or recurs after successful treatment of urinary tract infection?
Urgent referal- within 2 weeks
What is the management of someone aged >= 60 years AND have unexplained nonvisible haematuria and either dysuria or a raised white cell count on a blood test?
Urgent referral-within 2 weeks
What is the management of someone with aged 60 >= 60 years with recurrent or persistent unexplained urinary tract infection?
Non-urgent referral
