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Urinary > Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia > Flashcards

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is BPH?

A

Benign enlargement of the prostate gland

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2
Q

Who does BPO usually occur in?

A

Older men (60 per cent of men over 60)

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of BPH?

A

Static and Dynamic

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4
Q

What is static obstruction?

A

Glandular overgrowth

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5
Q

What is dynamic obstruction?

A

Smooth muscle hyperplasia

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6
Q

What is BPH caused by?

A

Disordered regulation of dihydrotestosterone

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7
Q

What does BPH result in?

A
  • Bladder outflow obstruction

* Benign prostatic obstruction

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8
Q

How does BPH present?

A
  • Poor flow
  • Hesitancy
  • Termina dribbling
  • Incomplete emptying
  • Frequency
  • Urgency
  • Nocturia
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9
Q

How is BPH diagnosed?

A

DRE: smooth, symmetrically enlarged prostate gland

Abdomen: palpable bladder due to urinary retention

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10
Q

What needs to be excluded with BPH?

A

Prostate cancer

Infection

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11
Q

How would you exclude prostate cancer?

A

Test for PSA

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12
Q

How would you exclude infection?

A

Urine dipstick

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13
Q

What are some possible complications of BPH?

A
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Retention
  • Obstructive uropathy
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Strictures
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14
Q

What is the management of BPH?

A

Alpha-1 antagonists

5 alpha-reductase inhibitors

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15
Q

What Alpha-1 antagonists can be used to treat BPH?

A

Tamsulosin

Alfuzosin

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16
Q

How do Alpha-1 antagonists work?

A

Decrease smooth muscle tone (prostate and bladder)

17
Q

What are some side-effects of Alpha-1 antagonists?

A

Dizziness
Postural hypotension
Dry mouth
Depression

18
Q

Which 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors can be used to treat BPH?

A

Finasteride

19
Q

How do 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors work?

A

Block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

20
Q

What are some adverse effects of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors?

A

Erectile dysfunction
Reduced libido
Ejaculation problems
Gynaecomastia

21
Q

How long do you need to take finasteride before there are results?

A

Up to 6 months

22
Q

What would you do if the symptoms of BPH were severe?

A

TURP

Urinary (38 decks)

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