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Urinary > Hyperkalaemia > Flashcards

Hyperkalaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperkalaemia defined as?

A

Serum potassium concentration >5.5mmol/L.

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2
Q

What is classed as mild hyperkalaemia?

A

5.5 - 5.9 mmol/L

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3
Q

What is classed as moderate hyperkalaemia?

A

6.0 - 6.4 mmol/L

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4
Q

What is classed as severe hyperkalaemia?

A

≥ 6.5 mmol/L

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5
Q

Which drugs can cause hyperkalaemia?

A

ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Potassium sparing diuretics ( spironolactone)
NSAIDs
Heparin/low molecular weight heparin
Ciclosporin
High dose trimethoprim

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6
Q

What is a major problem with untreated hyperkalaemia?

A

May cause life-threatening arrhythmias

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7
Q

How can hyperkalaemia be diagnosed/ the severeity assessed ?

A

ECG

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8
Q

What is the first change seen on an ECG?

A

Peaked or Tall tented T-waves

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9
Q

What other ECG changes occur in hyperkalaemia?

A

loss of P waves
prolonged PR interval
broad QRS complexes
sinusoidal wave pattern

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10
Q

What is the initial treament of hyperkalaemia?

A

IV calcium gluconate

stabalisation of the cardiac membrane

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11
Q

What does IV calcium gluconate not do?

A

Lower serum potassium levels

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12
Q

How should the calcium gluconate be administered?

A

10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins

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13
Q

What is the next step in the management of hyperkalaemia?

A

combined insulin/dextrose infusion
or
nebulised salbutamol

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14
Q

What is the function of insulin/dextrose/nebulised salbutamol?

A

Short-term shift in potassium from extracellular (ECF) to intracellular fluid (ICF)
compartment

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15
Q

What does insulin/dextrose/nebulised adrenaline not do?

A

Remove potassium from the body

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16
Q

What is given to remove potassium from the body?

A

calcium resonium (orally or enema)

17
Q

When should dialysis be considered in a patient with hyperkalaemia?

A

For patients with AKI with persistent hyperkalaemia

18
Q

What might you see on an ECG in someone with severe hyperkalaemia?

A

Sinusoidal wave pattern

Urinary (38 decks)

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