Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clerkship Prep > Urinary Tract and Renal > Flashcards

Urinary Tract and Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Anion gap

A

AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal ABG ph

A

7.35 to 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal bicarb

A

22-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal PCO2

A

35-45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In metabolic alkalosis there is excess

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In metabolic acidosis there is decrease in

A

HCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In respiratory acidosis there is increase in

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In respiratory alkalosis there is decrease in

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If HCO3 is high as in metabolic alkalosis, CO2 should compensate by

A

Increasing by 0.6 for every 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If PCO2 decreases as in respiratory alkalosis, what should bicarb do?

A

Decreased by 2 if acute, 6 if chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If the CO2 increases as in respiratory acidosis, the bicarb should compensate by

A

Increasing by 1 for acute, 4-5 for chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DDX prerenal acute kidney injury

A

Hypovolemia, low effective circulating volume, NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renal causes of AKI

A

Renal vascular disease, glomerular disease, tubulointerstital disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Post renal cause of AKI

A

Obstructive uropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn male

A

Posterior urethral valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In utero, impaired fetal urination can lead to

A

Oligohydramnois and subsequent lung hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

US findings consistent with PUV

A

Dilated bladder with bilateral hydroureters and hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Newborn boy wth bladder distension, decreased urine output, and respiratory distress should be evaluated for

A

Posterior uterthral valves

19
Q

Recurrent cystitis in women is defined as

A

2+ infections in 6m, 3+ infections in a year

20
Q

Prevention of recurrent cystitis in women

A

Daily antibiotic prophylaxis or postcoital prophylaxis

21
Q

When would cystoscopy be performed?

A

For suspected bladder cancer or urinary tract injury

22
Q

Does cranberry juice help UTIs

A

No, but increased fluid does

23
Q

Urodynamic testing is used to evaluate

A

Bladder function and urinary incontinence

24
Q

What age do symptoms of ADPKD usually arise

A

30-40

25
Q

Clinical presentation of ADPKD

A

Flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, bilateral kidney masses

26
Q

Management of ADPKD

A

Controlling risk factors, ACE inhibitors for hypertension, hemodialysis and renal transplant for ESRD

27
Q

Elevated creatinine is a sign of

A

Kidney dysfunction

28
Q

Low specific gravity on urinalysis

A

Urinary concentrating issue

29
Q

Most sensitive test for early elevations in albumin excretion is

A

Random urine albumin to creatinine ratio testing

30
Q

Which nodes are commonly affected in testicular cancer

A

Retroperitoneal lymph nodes

31
Q

Painless testicular mass, retroperitoneal nodes, low back pain

A

Testicular cancer

32
Q

Hypertension cause in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

A

Cyst expansion leading to localized renal ischemia, and consequent increased renin release. Increased RAAS leads to secondary hyperaldosteronism

33
Q

Drug of choice for hypertension in ADPKD

A

ACE inhibitors

34
Q

Renal dysfunction in patients with advanced liver disease that is due to altered renal blood flow, nor intrinsic kidney disease

A

Hepatorenal syndrome

35
Q

Recurrent uti is defined as

A

2 or more in 6m, 3 or more in 1yr

36
Q

Preventing recurrent uti

A

Postcoital or daily ABX prophylaxis, topical vaginal estrogen post menopausal

37
Q

Treating vulvar lichen planus or lichen sclerosis

A

Topical corticosteroids

38
Q

Male patient presenting with soft irregular “bag of worms”, directly above testis, increasing with valsalva and not transilluminating

A

Varicocele

39
Q

Treating varicocele win boys and young men

A

Gonadal vein ligation

40
Q

Treating varicocele in older men do dont want more children

A

Scrotal support and NSAIDs

41
Q

Retrograde blood flow to testes and dilatation of the pampiniform plexus

A

Varicocele

42
Q

Fluid filled cyst of the head of the epididymis that transilluminates

A

Spermatocele

43
Q

Peritoneal fluid collections between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

Hydroceles

44
Q

Firm testicular mass that doesnt change with positioning

A

Testicular neoplasia

Clerkship Prep (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions