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Clerkship Prep > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

DDx hemoptysis broad categories

A

Bronchial circulation/airway, pulmonary circulation/airway, overlapping disorders

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2
Q

What is a granuloma of the lung

A

A non specific type of inflammatory response, compact, organized collection of epithelioid histiocytes/macrophages

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3
Q

What stain is used to detect mycobacterium

A

Acid fact

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4
Q

What stain is used to detect fungi

A

Silver stain

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5
Q

Primary TB infection occurs

A

Within year of exposure

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6
Q

Ghon focus

A

The initial Tb infection in the lung, calcifies once healed

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7
Q

Post primary Tb favours which lung areas

A

Apical posterior upper lobes, superior segments of lower lobe (areas of higher oxygen tension)

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8
Q

Miliary nodules in CXR post primary TB indicate

A

Hematogenous spread of infection

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9
Q

Findings on CXR suggesting active TB disease

A

Airspace consolidation, miliary pattern, tree in bud nodularity, cavitation

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10
Q

Transmission of TB is

A

Via droplets

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11
Q

Intensive phase of TB treatment

A

Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

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12
Q

Continuation phase of TB treatment

A

Isoniazid, rifampin

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13
Q

Treating a pneumothorax

A

Insert a chest tube between the 4th and 5th intercostal space just anterior to the midaxillary line

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14
Q

Intercostal neurovascular bungle

A

Sits under each rib (place chest tube just superior to a rib)

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15
Q

Flail chest is caused by

A

2 or more fractures in contiguous ribs creating a free floating segment of the chest wall

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16
Q

Characteristic findings of CF include

A

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and digital clubbing due to chronic hypoxia

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17
Q

Clinically relevant dermatome at nipples

A

T4

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18
Q

Clinically relevant dermatome at umbilicus

A

T10

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19
Q

Barrel chest is a sign of

A

COPD

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20
Q

RREDS mnemonic for breathing

A

Rate, rhythm, effort, depth, symmetry

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21
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

Tachypnea, accessory muscle use, pursed lips, tripoding, costal indrawing

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22
Q

Blue fingers

A

Peripheral cyanosis, a sign of inadequate circulation

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23
Q

Blue lips

A

Central cyanosis, indicative of poor gas exchange

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24
Q

Swollen Epi trochlear lymph node may be a sign of

A

Malignancy, syphilis

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25
Swollen axillary nodes may be a sign of
Chest wall infection, breast, intrathoracic
26
Inguinal node swelling may be a sign of
STDs, infection of pelvis, cancer
27
Normal chest expansion during breathing
4-5cm
28
Dullness to lung percussion could indicate
Pneumonia, empyema, tumour, pulmonary embolism
29
Diaphragm sits around which vert level
T8
30
Hyperresonnace to percussion of lungs could indicate
Emphysema, asthma, pneumothorax
31
DIPS mnemonic for auscultation
Duration of breath, intensity, pitch, symmetry
32
Contraindications to spirometry
MI in the last month
33
Lung volumes in obstructive lung disease
Normal or increased
34
Lung volumes in restrictive lung disease
Reduced
35
Stridor is characteristic of
Airway obstruction
36
What kind of crackles in CHF, pneumonia
Harsh crackles
37
What kind of crackles in pulmonary fibrosis
Fine crackles
38
Asthma wheeze is typically
Biphasic
39
COPD wheeze is typically
Expiratory
40
Measuring DLCO on spirometry can establish the presence of
Emphysema
41
COPD is characterized by
Partially reversible airway obstruction and lung hyperinflation
42
Necessary feature on PFT for COPD is
FEV1/FVC post bronchodilator <0.70
43
What deficiency is a risk factor for COPD?
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
44
Pulmonary hypertension is also known as
Cor pulmonale
45
COPD percussion
Hype resonance
46
COPD diaphragms on CXR
Flattened
47
Decreased FEV1/FVC
Obstructive lung disease
48
Which lung volumes are increased in COPD
Residual volume, total lung cap (hyperinflation), functional residual capacity
49
Treatment for mild COPD
Short acting bronchodilator
50
Treatment of symptomatic COPD
LAMA or LABA
51
Treating a symptomatic COPD patient with high risk for exacerbation
LAMA LAMA - LABA LABA - ICS
52
I - Resp OSCE
Cyanosis, RREDS, trachea, clubbing
53
Percussion - RESP OSCE
4 places bilaterally, plus diaphramatic descent, tactile fremitus
54
Palpation - OSCE RESP
Trachea, swallow, evenness
55
Auscultate - OSCE RESP
Front, back, sides
56
High pitched inspiratory wheeze
Stridor
57
High pitched expiratory sound
Wheeze
58
Fine crepitus on every breath
Pulmonary edema
59
WELLS score is for
PE
60
Bullae are
Large open spaces in the lung
61
Emphysema
Loss of architecture between alveoli (smaller than bullae)
62
Poor FEV1 is diagnostic of
Obstructive issue
63
Scooping on PFT is indicative of
Obstructive issue
64
Bronchodilator response of what is considered relevant?
>10%
65
Tension pneumothorax occurs due to
Excessive pressure around the lung due to a breach in the lung surface allowing air into the pleural cavity
66
Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs due to
The rupture of bullae or blebs
67
Findings of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Resp distress, hypoxemia, bilateral alveolar infiltrates not explained by volume overload
68
Mild COPD pharmacotherapy
SABD prn
69
Moderate COPD treatment
LAAC or LABA, SABA prn
70
Severe COPD treatment
LAAC + ICS/LABA + SABA prn +/- theophylline
71
in pleural effusion mediastinum shifts which way
Way from the effusion
72
Atelectasis causes a mediastinal shift which way
Towards large atelectasis
73
Mediastinal shift with pneumothorax is
Away from tension pneumothorax
74
Dullness to lung percussion is seen in
Consolidation, pleural effusion, and atelectasis (mucus plugging)
75
Three phases of pertussis
Catarrhal and paroxysmal and convalescent
76
Initial pertussis phase in which symptoms are largely non specific
Catarrhal
77
Second pertussis phase where patient has coughing, whooops, vomiting, hemoptysis
Paroxysmal
78
Final phase of pertussis
Convalescent
79
Cough and sputum on most days for at least 3 m of the year, for at least 2 years is called
Chronic bronchitis
80
Three puffers commonly used in COPD
Beta agonist, anticholinergics, muscarinic
81
Treating mycoplasma pneumoniae
Azithromycin
82
Evaluating suspected ventilator associated pneumonia, after xray
Lower respiratory tract endotracheal tube sample, culture and microscopy, empiric antibiotics
83
Patient presents with pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, and tachycardia
Pulmonary embolism

Clerkship Prep (34 decks)

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