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Clerkship Prep > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acute dystonia, extrapyramidal symptoms can occur within hours of initiation of what medication type?

A

Dopamine antagonists like metoclopramide (anti-nauseant)

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2
Q

Methotrexate is used for

A

Ectopic pregnancy, cancer, breast cancer, Crohn’s disease, dermatomyositis, discoid lupus, GVHD, wegener’s,

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3
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Emergency contraception

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4
Q

Mifepristone and misoprostol

A

Medical management of spontaneous abortion

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5
Q

Gabapentin drug class

A

Anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic

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6
Q

Gabapentin typical uses for

A

Seizure prevention, nerve pain

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7
Q

Gabapentin shouldn’t be taken at the same time as what kind of medication?

A

Antacids - can interfere with absorption

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8
Q

Methotrexate drug class

A

DMARD, anti neoplastic, immunosuppressant

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9
Q

What supplement should be given to someone taking methotrexate

A

Folic acid

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10
Q

Canagliflozin is an example of a

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

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11
Q

Treating IBS-C

A

Fibre supplementation

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12
Q

Treating IBS-D

A

Loperamide

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13
Q

Diclofenac is a

A

Topical nsaid

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14
Q

Bulbous impetego treatment

A

Oral antibiotics keflex

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15
Q

Metformin drug class

A

Biguanide

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16
Q

Which type of diabetes is metformin used in?

A

Type 2

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17
Q

2 main actions of metformin

A

Lower glucose production in the liver and improve sensitivity to insulin

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18
Q

Glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride are examples of

A

Sulfonylureas

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19
Q

Repaglinide and nateglinide are examples of

A

Glinides

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20
Q

Glinides action time and duration

A

Fast, and short

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21
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonists work in what way to help lower blood sugar

A

They slow digestion

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22
Q

Exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide are examples of

A

GLP-1 receptor agonists

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23
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors work at the level of the

A

Kidneys

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24
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of

A

Heart attack and stroke

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25
Q

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin are examples of

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

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26
Q

Lantus is an example of a

A

Long acting insulin glargine

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27
Q

When might you use IVIG?

A

Humoral immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, guillian barre

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28
Q

Adverse metabolic effects of thiazide diuretics include

A

Hyperglycemia, increased LDL cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides

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29
Q

Vasospastic angina (prinzmetal angina) is treated with

A

CCBs to prevent, nitroglycerin to abort

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30
Q

Diltiazem (CCB) is used in treatment of

A

Vasospastic angina

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31
Q

Omeprazole is useful in treating

A

GERD

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32
Q

Ranolazine is used to treat

A

Stable angina

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33
Q

Bevacizumab is a

A

VEGF inhibitor to inhibit angiogenesis in cancer

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34
Q

First line treatment of acute cystitis

A

Cefalexin, amox-clav, nitrofurantoin

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35
Q

Best antihypertensive for patients with osteoporosis

A

Thiazide diuretics - increase the reabsorption of calcium for slower bone loss

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36
Q

What drug class is duloxetine

A

SSNRI

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37
Q

Apixaban class

A

NOAC

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38
Q

NOAC mechanism of action

A

Directly inhibits factor Xa, preventing cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin

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39
Q

Benefit of NOACs over warfarin

A

Similar of better reduction of embolization, decreased risk of bleeding, no need for INR testing

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40
Q

Acamprosate is used for

A

Alcohol use disorder - decreasing cravings

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41
Q

Naltrexone is contraindicated in patients with

A

Liver disease

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42
Q

Fomepizole is used for

A

Antidote to methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

43
Q

First line therapy of molluscum contagiousum in adults

A

Cryotherapy, curettage, topical therapy

44
Q

Methimazole mechanism of action

A

Decreasing thyroid hormone production

45
Q

Toviaz AKA

A

Fesoterodine

46
Q

Toviaz treats

A

Overactive bladder in adults (leaks, strong sudden urges to go, going too often)

47
Q

Mirtazapine class

A

Atypical antidepressant SARI (esp if complicated by anxiety or insomnia)

48
Q

Diltiazem class

A

CCB

49
Q

Creon (pancelipase) is

A

A commercial mixture of pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease)

50
Q

Eliquis (Apixiban) is used for

A

Anticoagulation (esp in a fib patients)

51
Q

Fosamax (Alendronic acid) is a

A

Bisphosphonate

52
Q

Perindopril class

A

ACE inhibitor

53
Q

Bisoprolol class

A

Beta blocker

54
Q

Trelegy Ellipta aka

A

Fluticasone furoate

55
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft) class

A

SSRI

56
Q

Trazodone class

A

SARI (serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)

57
Q

Lipitor (atorvastatin) is used to

A

Lower bad cholesterol and fats (LDL, triglycerides) while increasing the good cholesterol (HDL)

58
Q

Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) class

A

Long acting bronchodilator

59
Q

Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) is used to treat

A

COPD and asthma (preventatively)

60
Q

Symbicort (Budesonide/formoterol) class

A

Steroid / long acting B2 agonist

61
Q

Didrocal contains two medications:

A

Etidronate (bisphosphonate) and calcium carbonate

62
Q

Spironolactone fx on K

A

Hyperkalemia

63
Q

Furosemide fx on K

A

Decreases K

64
Q

Treatment for a dystonic drug reaction

A

Stop the medication and administer anticholinergics or diphenhydramine

65
Q

Lamotrigine is associated with what serious side effect?

A

Steven Johnson Syndrome

66
Q

Drug induced liver injury occurs in what acetaminophen dose (in one sitting)

A

10-12g

67
Q

1st line treatment for ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA (Dipentum, Asacol, Salofalk, Mezavant)

68
Q

Aspirin and clopidogrel are examples of

A

Antiplatelet agents

69
Q

Drug that inactivates COX enzyme

A

Aspirin

70
Q

Drug that works by blockage of ADP receptors on platelet cell membranes

A

Clopidogrel

71
Q

Drug that bings and activates antithrombin (AT) III

A

Heparin

72
Q

Drug that acts by reduction in the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

A

Warfarin

73
Q

DOAC that works by direct inhibition of thrombin

A

Dabigatran

74
Q

3 DOACs that work by inhibition of factor Xa

A

Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban

75
Q

Alteplase (t-PA)

A

Thrombolytic therapy used within 4.5h of symptom onset of stroke (activates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin)

76
Q

Absolute contraindications to using TPA

A

Active hemorrhage, brain hemorrhage

77
Q

Clot retrieval in stroke can be of benefit up to

A

24hrs after symptom onset

78
Q

Phenytoin requires constant monitoring due to the drugs

A

Non linear pharmacokinetics

79
Q

The least teratogenic anti-epileptic drug

A

Lamotrigine

80
Q

Broad spectrum anti-epileptic agent used for both focal and generalized seizures, commonly first line in newly diagnosed epileptics today

A

Lamotrigine

81
Q

First line treatment for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

82
Q

If a patient is suspected of having SJS, what changes to management should occur?

A

Discontinue offending agent, admit to hospital

83
Q

An epileptic with a history of SJS should not take which three medications?

A
  1. Lamotrigine, 2. Phenytoin, 3. Carbamazepine
84
Q

Which anti epileptic medication has the risk of fetal spina bifida

A

Valproic acid

85
Q

Two classes of mood stabilizers

A

Lithium and anti-convulsants

86
Q

3 anticonvulsants that are used as mood stabilizers in psychiatry

A

Valproic acid, carbamazepine, Lamotrigine

87
Q

Three adverse effects of lithium use

A

Thyroid toxicity, kidney toxicity, tremor

88
Q

Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) can help to stabilize which psychiatric symptom?

A

Mania

89
Q

Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use requires regular monitoring of

A

LFTs, CBC,

90
Q

What teratogenic effects to divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use?

A

Neural tube defects, autism

91
Q

Finasteride (propecia) uses

A

To shrink an enlarged prostate due to BPH in men

92
Q

Treatment for premature ejaculation

A

SSRIs, topical anesthetic

93
Q

Low dose finasteride is indicated for treatment of

A

Male pattern hair loss

94
Q

Pharm management for primary dysmenorrhea

A

NSAIDs, combination OCP

95
Q

Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are all members of which drug class?

A

Fluoroquinolones

96
Q

Adverse effects of amoxicillin (2)

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, non allergic skin rash (erythema multiforme)

97
Q

Azithromycin and clarithromycin belong to which class of drug?

A

Macrolides

98
Q

Ceftriaxone drug class

A

Beta lactam

99
Q

Beta-lactam of choice for inpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia

A

Ceftriaxone

100
Q

Side effects of doxycycline (2)

A

Skin photosensitivity and medication induced esophagitis

101
Q

Fluoroquinolone should be avoided in patients with

A

Known aortic aneurism or substantial risk factors for same

102
Q

Cyclobenzaprine and tizanidine drug type

A

Nonbenzodiazapine muscle relaxant

103
Q

What type of medications can trigger acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Decongestants, anticholinergics

Clerkship Prep (34 decks)

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