Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Acute dystonia, extrapyramidal symptoms can occur within hours of initiation of what medication type?
A
Dopamine antagonists like metoclopramide (anti-nauseant)
2
Q
Methotrexate is used for
A
Ectopic pregnancy, cancer, breast cancer, Crohn’s disease, dermatomyositis, discoid lupus, GVHD, wegener’s,
3
Q
Levonorgestrel
A
Emergency contraception
4
Q
Mifepristone and misoprostol
A
Medical management of spontaneous abortion
5
Q
Gabapentin drug class
A
Anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic
6
Q
Gabapentin typical uses for
A
Seizure prevention, nerve pain
7
Q
Gabapentin shouldn’t be taken at the same time as what kind of medication?
A
Antacids - can interfere with absorption
8
Q
Methotrexate drug class
A
DMARD, anti neoplastic, immunosuppressant
9
Q
What supplement should be given to someone taking methotrexate
A
Folic acid
10
Q
Canagliflozin is an example of a
A
SGLT2 inhibitor
11
Q
Treating IBS-C
A
Fibre supplementation
12
Q
Treating IBS-D
A
Loperamide
13
Q
Diclofenac is a
A
Topical nsaid
14
Q
Bulbous impetego treatment
A
Oral antibiotics keflex
15
Q
Metformin drug class
A
Biguanide
16
Q
Which type of diabetes is metformin used in?
A
Type 2
17
Q
2 main actions of metformin
A
Lower glucose production in the liver and improve sensitivity to insulin
18
Q
Glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride are examples of
A
Sulfonylureas
19
Q
Repaglinide and nateglinide are examples of
A
Glinides
20
Q
Glinides action time and duration
A
Fast, and short
21
Q
GLP-1 receptor agonists work in what way to help lower blood sugar
A
They slow digestion
22
Q
Exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide are examples of
A
GLP-1 receptor agonists
23
Q
SGLT2 inhibitors work at the level of the
A
Kidneys
24
Q
SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of
A
Heart attack and stroke
25
Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin are examples of
SGLT2 inhibitors
26
Lantus is an example of a
Long acting insulin glargine
27
When might you use IVIG?
Humoral immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, guillian barre
28
Adverse metabolic effects of thiazide diuretics include
Hyperglycemia, increased LDL cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides
29
Vasospastic angina (prinzmetal angina) is treated with
CCBs to prevent, nitroglycerin to abort
30
Diltiazem (CCB) is used in treatment of
Vasospastic angina
31
Omeprazole is useful in treating
GERD
32
Ranolazine is used to treat
Stable angina
33
Bevacizumab is a
VEGF inhibitor to inhibit angiogenesis in cancer
34
First line treatment of acute cystitis
Cefalexin, amox-clav, nitrofurantoin
35
Best antihypertensive for patients with osteoporosis
Thiazide diuretics - increase the reabsorption of calcium for slower bone loss
36
What drug class is duloxetine
SSNRI
37
Apixaban class
NOAC
38
NOAC mechanism of action
Directly inhibits factor Xa, preventing cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin
39
Benefit of NOACs over warfarin
Similar of better reduction of embolization, decreased risk of bleeding, no need for INR testing
40
Acamprosate is used for
Alcohol use disorder - decreasing cravings
41
Naltrexone is contraindicated in patients with
Liver disease
42
Fomepizole is used for
Antidote to methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
43
First line therapy of molluscum contagiousum in adults
Cryotherapy, curettage, topical therapy
44
Methimazole mechanism of action
Decreasing thyroid hormone production
45
Toviaz AKA
Fesoterodine
46
Toviaz treats
Overactive bladder in adults (leaks, strong sudden urges to go, going too often)
47
Mirtazapine class
Atypical antidepressant SARI (esp if complicated by anxiety or insomnia)
48
Diltiazem class
CCB
49
Creon (pancelipase) is
A commercial mixture of pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease)
50
Eliquis (Apixiban) is used for
Anticoagulation (esp in a fib patients)
51
Fosamax (Alendronic acid) is a
Bisphosphonate
52
Perindopril class
ACE inhibitor
53
Bisoprolol class
Beta blocker
54
Trelegy Ellipta aka
Fluticasone furoate
55
Sertraline (Zoloft) class
SSRI
56
Trazodone class
SARI (serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)
57
Lipitor (atorvastatin) is used to
Lower bad cholesterol and fats (LDL, triglycerides) while increasing the good cholesterol (HDL)
58
Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) class
Long acting bronchodilator
59
Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) is used to treat
COPD and asthma (preventatively)
60
Symbicort (Budesonide/formoterol) class
Steroid / long acting B2 agonist
61
Didrocal contains two medications:
Etidronate (bisphosphonate) and calcium carbonate
62
Spironolactone fx on K
Hyperkalemia
63
Furosemide fx on K
Decreases K
64
Treatment for a dystonic drug reaction
Stop the medication and administer anticholinergics or diphenhydramine
65
Lamotrigine is associated with what serious side effect?
Steven Johnson Syndrome
66
Drug induced liver injury occurs in what acetaminophen dose (in one sitting)
10-12g
67
1st line treatment for ulcerative colitis
5-ASA (Dipentum, Asacol, Salofalk, Mezavant)
68
Aspirin and clopidogrel are examples of
Antiplatelet agents
69
Drug that inactivates COX enzyme
Aspirin
70
Drug that works by blockage of ADP receptors on platelet cell membranes
Clopidogrel
71
Drug that bings and activates antithrombin (AT) III
Heparin
72
Drug that acts by reduction in the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
Warfarin
73
DOAC that works by direct inhibition of thrombin
Dabigatran
74
3 DOACs that work by inhibition of factor Xa
Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban
75
Alteplase (t-PA)
Thrombolytic therapy used within 4.5h of symptom onset of stroke (activates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin)
76
Absolute contraindications to using TPA
Active hemorrhage, brain hemorrhage
77
Clot retrieval in stroke can be of benefit up to
24hrs after symptom onset
78
Phenytoin requires constant monitoring due to the drugs
Non linear pharmacokinetics
79
The least teratogenic anti-epileptic drug
Lamotrigine
80
Broad spectrum anti-epileptic agent used for both focal and generalized seizures, commonly first line in newly diagnosed epileptics today
Lamotrigine
81
First line treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
82
If a patient is suspected of having SJS, what changes to management should occur?
Discontinue offending agent, admit to hospital
83
An epileptic with a history of SJS should not take which three medications?
1. Lamotrigine, 2. Phenytoin, 3. Carbamazepine
84
Which anti epileptic medication has the risk of fetal spina bifida
Valproic acid
85
Two classes of mood stabilizers
Lithium and anti-convulsants
86
3 anticonvulsants that are used as mood stabilizers in psychiatry
Valproic acid, carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
87
Three adverse effects of lithium use
Thyroid toxicity, kidney toxicity, tremor
88
Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) can help to stabilize which psychiatric symptom?
Mania
89
Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use requires regular monitoring of
LFTs, CBC,
90
What teratogenic effects to divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use?
Neural tube defects, autism
91
Finasteride (propecia) uses
To shrink an enlarged prostate due to BPH in men
92
Treatment for premature ejaculation
SSRIs, topical anesthetic
93
Low dose finasteride is indicated for treatment of
Male pattern hair loss
94
Pharm management for primary dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs, combination OCP
95
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are all members of which drug class?
Fluoroquinolones
96
Adverse effects of amoxicillin (2)
Hypersensitivity reactions, non allergic skin rash (erythema multiforme)
97
Azithromycin and clarithromycin belong to which class of drug?
Macrolides
98
Ceftriaxone drug class
Beta lactam
99
Beta-lactam of choice for inpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia
Ceftriaxone
100
Side effects of doxycycline (2)
Skin photosensitivity and medication induced esophagitis
101
Fluoroquinolone should be avoided in patients with
Known aortic aneurism or substantial risk factors for same
102
Cyclobenzaprine and tizanidine drug type
Nonbenzodiazapine muscle relaxant
103
What type of medications can trigger acute angle closure glaucoma?
Decongestants, anticholinergics
