Drugs Flashcards
Acute dystonia, extrapyramidal symptoms can occur within hours of initiation of what medication type?
Dopamine antagonists like metoclopramide (anti-nauseant)
Methotrexate is used for
Ectopic pregnancy, cancer, breast cancer, Crohn’s disease, dermatomyositis, discoid lupus, GVHD, wegener’s,
Levonorgestrel
Emergency contraception
Mifepristone and misoprostol
Medical management of spontaneous abortion
Gabapentin drug class
Anticonvulsant/anti-epileptic
Gabapentin typical uses for
Seizure prevention, nerve pain
Gabapentin shouldn’t be taken at the same time as what kind of medication?
Antacids - can interfere with absorption
Methotrexate drug class
DMARD, anti neoplastic, immunosuppressant
What supplement should be given to someone taking methotrexate
Folic acid
Canagliflozin is an example of a
SGLT2 inhibitor
Treating IBS-C
Fibre supplementation
Treating IBS-D
Loperamide
Diclofenac is a
Topical nsaid
Bulbous impetego treatment
Oral antibiotics keflex
Metformin drug class
Biguanide
Which type of diabetes is metformin used in?
Type 2
2 main actions of metformin
Lower glucose production in the liver and improve sensitivity to insulin
Glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride are examples of
Sulfonylureas
Repaglinide and nateglinide are examples of
Glinides
Glinides action time and duration
Fast, and short
GLP-1 receptor agonists work in what way to help lower blood sugar
They slow digestion
Exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide are examples of
GLP-1 receptor agonists
SGLT2 inhibitors work at the level of the
Kidneys
SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of
Heart attack and stroke
Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin are examples of
SGLT2 inhibitors
Lantus is an example of a
Long acting insulin glargine
When might you use IVIG?
Humoral immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, guillian barre
Adverse metabolic effects of thiazide diuretics include
Hyperglycemia, increased LDL cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides
Vasospastic angina (prinzmetal angina) is treated with
CCBs to prevent, nitroglycerin to abort
Diltiazem (CCB) is used in treatment of
Vasospastic angina
Omeprazole is useful in treating
GERD
Ranolazine is used to treat
Stable angina
Bevacizumab is a
VEGF inhibitor to inhibit angiogenesis in cancer
First line treatment of acute cystitis
Cefalexin, amox-clav, nitrofurantoin
Best antihypertensive for patients with osteoporosis
Thiazide diuretics - increase the reabsorption of calcium for slower bone loss
What drug class is duloxetine
SSNRI
Apixaban class
NOAC
NOAC mechanism of action
Directly inhibits factor Xa, preventing cleavage of prothrombin to thrombin
Benefit of NOACs over warfarin
Similar of better reduction of embolization, decreased risk of bleeding, no need for INR testing
Acamprosate is used for
Alcohol use disorder - decreasing cravings
Naltrexone is contraindicated in patients with
Liver disease
Fomepizole is used for
Antidote to methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
First line therapy of molluscum contagiousum in adults
Cryotherapy, curettage, topical therapy
Methimazole mechanism of action
Decreasing thyroid hormone production
Toviaz AKA
Fesoterodine
Toviaz treats
Overactive bladder in adults (leaks, strong sudden urges to go, going too often)
Mirtazapine class
Atypical antidepressant SARI (esp if complicated by anxiety or insomnia)
Diltiazem class
CCB
Creon (pancelipase) is
A commercial mixture of pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease)
Eliquis (Apixiban) is used for
Anticoagulation (esp in a fib patients)
Fosamax (Alendronic acid) is a
Bisphosphonate
Perindopril class
ACE inhibitor
Bisoprolol class
Beta blocker
Trelegy Ellipta aka
Fluticasone furoate
Sertraline (Zoloft) class
SSRI
Trazodone class
SARI (serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)
Lipitor (atorvastatin) is used to
Lower bad cholesterol and fats (LDL, triglycerides) while increasing the good cholesterol (HDL)
Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) class
Long acting bronchodilator
Spiriva (Tiotropium bromide) is used to treat
COPD and asthma (preventatively)
Symbicort (Budesonide/formoterol) class
Steroid / long acting B2 agonist
Didrocal contains two medications:
Etidronate (bisphosphonate) and calcium carbonate
Spironolactone fx on K
Hyperkalemia
Furosemide fx on K
Decreases K
Treatment for a dystonic drug reaction
Stop the medication and administer anticholinergics or diphenhydramine
Lamotrigine is associated with what serious side effect?
Steven Johnson Syndrome
Drug induced liver injury occurs in what acetaminophen dose (in one sitting)
10-12g
1st line treatment for ulcerative colitis
5-ASA (Dipentum, Asacol, Salofalk, Mezavant)
Aspirin and clopidogrel are examples of
Antiplatelet agents
Drug that inactivates COX enzyme
Aspirin
Drug that works by blockage of ADP receptors on platelet cell membranes
Clopidogrel
Drug that bings and activates antithrombin (AT) III
Heparin
Drug that acts by reduction in the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
Warfarin
DOAC that works by direct inhibition of thrombin
Dabigatran
3 DOACs that work by inhibition of factor Xa
Rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban
Alteplase (t-PA)
Thrombolytic therapy used within 4.5h of symptom onset of stroke (activates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin)
Absolute contraindications to using TPA
Active hemorrhage, brain hemorrhage
Clot retrieval in stroke can be of benefit up to
24hrs after symptom onset
Phenytoin requires constant monitoring due to the drugs
Non linear pharmacokinetics
The least teratogenic anti-epileptic drug
Lamotrigine
Broad spectrum anti-epileptic agent used for both focal and generalized seizures, commonly first line in newly diagnosed epileptics today
Lamotrigine
First line treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
If a patient is suspected of having SJS, what changes to management should occur?
Discontinue offending agent, admit to hospital
An epileptic with a history of SJS should not take which three medications?
- Lamotrigine, 2. Phenytoin, 3. Carbamazepine
Which anti epileptic medication has the risk of fetal spina bifida
Valproic acid
Two classes of mood stabilizers
Lithium and anti-convulsants
3 anticonvulsants that are used as mood stabilizers in psychiatry
Valproic acid, carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
Three adverse effects of lithium use
Thyroid toxicity, kidney toxicity, tremor
Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) can help to stabilize which psychiatric symptom?
Mania
Divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use requires regular monitoring of
LFTs, CBC,
What teratogenic effects to divalproex sodium (Valproic acid) use?
Neural tube defects, autism
Finasteride (propecia) uses
To shrink an enlarged prostate due to BPH in men
Treatment for premature ejaculation
SSRIs, topical anesthetic
Low dose finasteride is indicated for treatment of
Male pattern hair loss
Pharm management for primary dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs, combination OCP
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are all members of which drug class?
Fluoroquinolones
Adverse effects of amoxicillin (2)
Hypersensitivity reactions, non allergic skin rash (erythema multiforme)
Azithromycin and clarithromycin belong to which class of drug?
Macrolides
Ceftriaxone drug class
Beta lactam
Beta-lactam of choice for inpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia
Ceftriaxone
Side effects of doxycycline (2)
Skin photosensitivity and medication induced esophagitis
Fluoroquinolone should be avoided in patients with
Known aortic aneurism or substantial risk factors for same
Cyclobenzaprine and tizanidine drug type
Nonbenzodiazapine muscle relaxant
What type of medications can trigger acute angle closure glaucoma?
Decongestants, anticholinergics