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Human Bio > Urinary System Test > Flashcards

Urinary System Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 ways kidneys maintain homeostasis

A
  1. Regulation of water, blood, and interstitial fluid volumes
  2. Excretion of wastes, solutes, and toxins
  3. Regulation of pH in body
  4. Regulation of normal blood pressure
  5. Synthesis of calcitrol and erythropoietin
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2
Q

5 factors that INCREASE metabolic rate

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Food intake
  3. Hormones
  4. Body temperature
  5. Nervous stimulation
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3
Q

4 factors that DECREASE metabolic rate

A
  1. Sleep
  2. Malnutrition
  3. Hypothermia
  4. Age
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4
Q

List & define 4 primary routes of heat loss

A
  1. Radiation - no physical contact
  2. Conduction - direct physical contact
  3. Convection - body to air
  4. Evaporation - liquid to a gas
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5
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of blood plasma across the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle

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6
Q

Reabsorption

A

Return of needed substances back into the bloodstream

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7
Q

Secretion

A

Toxins in the blood not removed by filtration are removed by tubular secretion

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8
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of waste materials from the body

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9
Q

Glycosuria

A

Sugar in urine

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10
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

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11
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in urine

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12
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

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13
Q

Polyuria

A

Larger amounts of urine

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14
Q

Oliguria

A

Low amounts of urine

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15
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine

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16
Q

Casts

A

Substances of mucus that harden and form molds inside tubules

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17
Q

6 components of urine

A
  1. Nitrogen wastes
  2. Electrolytes
  3. Toxins
  4. Pigments
  5. Hormones
  6. Various abnormal things
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18
Q

Antidiuretic

A

Substance that inhibits urine formation

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19
Q

Diuretic

A

Chemical that inhibits sodium reabsorption by kidneys resulting in increased urine volume

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20
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular region on inner wall of bladder bordered by ureters and exit of urethra

21
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

22
Q

Electrolyte

A

Chemical that separates ions and conducts an electric current in a water solution

23
Q

Podocyte

A

cell that forms the visceral layer of a bowman’s capsule

24
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of well being

25
Q

ADH

A

Hormone that promotes conservation of water

26
Q

Urine

A

Fluid produced by kidneys

27
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Pertaining to a structure lying external to the parietal peritoneum

28
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Glands superior to kidney

29
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to the kidneys

30
Q

Nephrons

A

Structures within kidney where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur

31
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Stimulates production of RBCs

32
Q

Renin

A

Stimulates secretion of aldosterone

33
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of bladder

34
Q

Calculi

A

Kidney stones, increased salts in urine

35
Q

Congenital polycystic kidney disease

A

Kidney failure; abnormal development of renal tubules and collecting ducts causing cysts; genetic

36
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased production of urine

37
Q

Enuresis

A

Uncontrolled urination

38
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of glomeruli; viral or bacterial infection

39
Q

Incontinence

A

Uncontrolled urination

40
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of renal pelus usually caused by bacteria ascending in the tract

41
Q

Retention/suppression

A

Inability to urinate

42
Q

Uremia

A

Toxic levels of urea in blood; indication of kidney failure

43
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of urethra

44
Q

Urinary tract tumors

A

Usually carcinoma arising from epithelium of low grade malignancy

45
Q

Distention

A

When things are full

46
Q

Detrusor

A

Muscle that controls bladder relaxation and contraction

47
Q

Meatus

A

Opening where you pee

48
Q

Filtrate

A

Fluid and dissolved substances

49
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Metabolic waste containing nitrogen

Human Bio (30 decks)

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