Quiz 3 - Tissues Flashcards
Tissue
Group of similar cells that share a common origin and perform a particular function; tissues join together to form organs
Epithelial tissue (6)
- cells are closely packed together
- little or no interstitial fluid
- avascular
- cover and line body cavities and surfaces
- form glands
- functional cells of the liver and kidneys
Covering and lining epithelium (2)
- cells are stationary
* classified by shape and arrangement of cells
Glandular epithelium (3)
- closely packed cells that manufacture and secrete products
- form glands
- cube shaped
Exocrine gland
Secretes products that leave the body through ducts
Endocrine gland
Secretes products inside the body; ductless
Simple squamous epithelium
- 1 layer of flat cells
- diffusion of gases
- located in capillaries, blood vessels, and alveoli
Stratified squamous epithelium
- multiple layers of flat cells
- protection
- found in skin, esophagus, rectum, and reproductive organs
Cell
Organized packet of chemicals providing the basis for structure and function
Simple columnar epithelium
- 1 layer of column shaped cells
- secretion/absorption
- lines glands and digestive tract
Stratified columnar epithelium
- multiple layers of column-shaped cells
- secretion/protection
- found in reproductive organs, urethra, and pharynx
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- one layer
- secretes mucus (ciliated)
- respiratory tract
Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 1 layer of cubed cells
- carries secretions to other parts of the body
- lines glands and digestive tract, kidneys, liver
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
- multiple layers of cubed cells
- protects ducts of exocrine glands
- lines glands
Transitional epithelium
- multiple layers of cells
- distinction and contraction in response to changing volumes of urine
- found in urinary bladder, ureters, and kidneys
Muscle tissue (5)
- cells contain protein
- cells are called fibers due to their shape
- shortening of fibers causes movement
- proteins and fibers are arranged in bundles
- many mitochondria
Skeletal tissue (7)
- attached to bones
- voluntary
- striated
- many nuclei/fibers
- long, cylindrical fibers
- strongest
- locomotion
Visceral/smooth tissue (7)
- organs, eye, blood vessels
- involuntary
- non-striated
- 1 nucleus/fiber
- tapered fibers
- weakest
- moves substances, vision
Cardiac tissue (8)
- heart
- involuntary
- striated
- 1 nucleus/fiber
- bifurcated fibers
- does not fatigue
- heartbeat
- intercalated discs
Nerve tissue (3)
•well developed properties of conductivity and excitability
•send and carry electrochemical signals throughout the body
•major component of body integration
A. Neurons
B. Neuroglia
Connective tissue (4)
•widely scattered cells
•large amount of matrix
•most widespread of all tissues
•2 types of cells
-produce and maintain the matrix
-protects tissue from infectionMatrix (4)
- ground substance
- maintains fibers
- contains vascular tissue
- first tissue formed when damage to the body occurs (scar tissue)
Dense regular connective tissue proper (3)
- parallel masses of collagenous fibers
- resists to pulling forces, makes up ligaments and tendons
- found in ligaments and tendons
Dense irregular connective tissue proper (3)
- masses of collagenous fibers interwoven into dense matting
- encapsulates certain organs, cartilage, bone, and supports epithelial layer of skin as dermis
- found in the dermis of skin
Areolar connective tissue proper
- scattered fibers
- secretion, stores fat, engulfs waste, protection, movement, GLUE
- found under the skin all throughout the body
Adipose connective tissue proper
- large vesicles
- stores and releases fat, acts as an insulator and protective padding
- found on the surface of certain viscera and serous membranes, bone marrow, and loose connective tissue
Compact/dense bone tissue
- ring structure (osteons)
- structural support
- found in bones
Spongy/cancellous bone tissue
- thin, bony plates, red bone marrow in between
- forms interior framework of bone
- found in bones
Hyaline cartilage tissue
- scattered fibers
- elasticity between bones, helps bones grow
- found at the ends of bones, nose, ribs, and larynx, most abundant
Elastic cartilage tissue
- elastic fibers
- weaker, flexible support
- found in epiglottis and external ear
Fibrous cartilage tissue
- collagenous fibers
- very strong support
- found in vertebral bodies, interpubic joint, joint capsules, and related ligaments
Reticular blood forming tissue
- general tissue
- filters and protects
- “cobwebby”
Lymphatic tissue
found in the spleen, tonsils, and thymus gland
Myeloid tissue
- formation of blood cells
* found inside bone
Blood
•transport of needed substances
Avascular
no blood vessels
Matrix (basic definition)
intracellular material in connective tissue
Striation
a groove, scratch, or channel
Intercalated disc
separates cells in cardiac muscle fibers
Fiber
a threadlike structure that forms tissues
Reticulin
a structural protein found in connective tissue
Elastin
a glycoprotein found in connective tissue
Collagen
a protein that is an abundant component of connective tissue
Adipocyte
a cell found in connective tissue that stores fat
Interstitial fluid
the portion of extracellular fluid that fills the tissue spaces between cells
Hemopoiesis
the production of blood cells in the red bone marrow
Endocrine
ductless
Exocrine
have ducts
Tumor
excess of tissue produced by unregulated growth of cells
Benign
not threatening, not metastasize
Malignant
threatening, metastasizes
Metastasis
spread of a malignant tumor into other tissues
Lining of urinary bladder, extensibility
Transitional
Secretion of mucus
Pseudostratified columnar
1 layer of flat cells
Simple squamous
Functional cells of kidney
Simple squamous or simple cuboidal
Avascular (what tissue)
All epithelial tissue
Several layers of flat cells
Stratified squamous
Diffusion of respiratory gases
Simple squamous
Ducts of skin glands
Simple cuboidal
Irregularly shaped cells with cilia
Pseudostratified columnar
Lines stomach and intestines
Simple columnar
Fibers are bifricated
Cardiac muscle
Iris of eye, arrector pili
Visceral muscle
Many nuclei per fiber
Skeletal muscle
Intercalated discs
Cardiac muscles
No striations
Visceral muscle
Tapered fibers
Visceral muscle
Striated, involuntary
Cardiac muscle
Lines walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
Visceral muscle
Arranged in bundles, long fibers
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Skeletal muscle
“Glue” of the body, widespread
Areolar
Spleen, tonsils, thymus gland
Lymphatic tissue
Strong support, framework
Bone
Formation of blood cells, inside bone
Myeloid
Connection; tendons, ligaments, scars
Dense fibrous
Fat tissue; insulation; protection
Adipose
Discs between vertebrae
Fibrous cartilage
Transport of needed substances
Blood
General tissue; filters,protects, “cobwebby”
Reticular
Covers articulate surfaces of bones
Hyaline cartilage
