Blood Test Flashcards
Lymph node
Removes foreign particles and produces lymphocytes and macrophages
Spleen
Hemopoiesis of lymphocytes and macrophages, blood reservoir, RBC and platelet destruction, defense
Tonsils
Destroys pathogens in mouth and throat region
Thymus gland
Maturation of T cells
Peyer’s Patches
WBCs destroy pathogens trying to pass through intestinal wall
Name the 5 nonspecific defense mechanisms
- Physical barriers
- Phagocytosis
- Natural killer cells
- Proteins
- Inflammation
Physical barriers
Skin, mucous membranes
Phagocytosis
Monocytes and neutrophils are mobile, microphages mainly stationary
Natural killer cells
WBCs that kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells by puncturing a hole through the cell membrane
Proteins
Promote movement of WBCs to area of infection and interferons which disrupt viruses to infect cells
Inflammation
Promotes the flow of blood and movement of WBCs to area of infection or trauma
Naturally acquired active immunity
Result of previous exposure to pathogens under natural conditions
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Caused by transfer of antibodies from one person to another such as during pregnancy
Artificially acquired active immunity
Vaccines
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Artificial introduction of antibodies from an animal or person
Antigen
Foreign substance stimulating an immune response
Antibody
Proteins produced by cells that react with antigens by binding with them, forms an antigen-antibody complex and inactivates the antigen
Lymphocytes
White blood cells
T cells
Develop in thymus then migrate to lymphoid tissue, kill cells infected with antigens
B cells
Develop in bone marrow or peyer’s patches then migrate to lymphoid tissue, produce antibodies
Allergic response
Formation of antibodies to certain allergens producing inflammatory response to skin and mucous membranes
List and explain 4 symptoms of inflammatory response
- Redness - vasodilation
- Swelling - excess fluids, WBCs
- Heat - increase of blood flow
- Pain - pressure on pain receptors from excess fluids
List and explain 6 steps of blood coagulation
- Appearance of a rough spot in the lining of a blood vessel
- Platelets adhere to any portion of vessel that isn’t smooth
- ADP released to attract more platelets, platelets clump together to form temporary plug
- Calcium and phospholipids convert prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
- Fibrin forms a net-like structure over platelets
- Clot contracts bringing injured edges together assisting in wound closure and repair
Name the 5 lymphatic organs
- Lymph node
- Spleen
- Tonsils
- Thymus gland
- Peyer’s Patches
