Blood Test

Question 1

Lymph node

Answer 1

Removes foreign particles and produces lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 2

Spleen

Answer 2

Hemopoiesis of lymphocytes and macrophages, blood reservoir, RBC and platelet destruction, defense

Question 3

Tonsils

Answer 3

Destroys pathogens in mouth and throat region

Question 4

Thymus gland

Answer 4

Maturation of T cells

Question 5

Peyer’s Patches

Answer 5

WBCs destroy pathogens trying to pass through intestinal wall

Question 6

Name the 5 nonspecific defense mechanisms

Answer 6

1. Physical barriers
2. Phagocytosis
3. Natural killer cells
4. Proteins
5. Inflammation

Question 7

Physical barriers

Answer 7

Skin, mucous membranes

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

Monocytes and neutrophils are mobile, microphages mainly stationary

Question 9

Natural killer cells

Answer 9

WBCs that kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells by puncturing a hole through the cell membrane

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Promote movement of WBCs to area of infection and interferons which disrupt viruses to infect cells

Question 11

Inflammation

Answer 11

Promotes the flow of blood and movement of WBCs to area of infection or trauma

Question 12

Naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 12

Result of previous exposure to pathogens under natural conditions

Question 13

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Answer 13

Caused by transfer of antibodies from one person to another such as during pregnancy

Question 14

Artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 14

Vaccines

Question 15

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 15

Artificial introduction of antibodies from an animal or person

Question 16

Antigen

Answer 16

Foreign substance stimulating an immune response

Question 17

Antibody

Answer 17

Proteins produced by cells that react with antigens by binding with them, forms an antigen-antibody complex and inactivates the antigen

Question 18

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

White blood cells

Question 19

T cells

Answer 19

Develop in thymus then migrate to lymphoid tissue, kill cells infected with antigens

Question 20

B cells

Answer 20

Develop in bone marrow or peyer’s patches then migrate to lymphoid tissue, produce antibodies

Question 21

Allergic response

Answer 21

Formation of antibodies to certain allergens producing inflammatory response to skin and mucous membranes

Question 22

List and explain 4 symptoms of inflammatory response

Answer 22

1. Redness - vasodilation
2. Swelling - excess fluids, WBCs
3. Heat - increase of blood flow
4. Pain - pressure on pain receptors from excess fluids

Question 23

List and explain 6 steps of blood coagulation

Answer 23

1. Appearance of a rough spot in the lining of a blood vessel
2. Platelets adhere to any portion of vessel that isn’t smooth
3. ADP released to attract more platelets, platelets clump together to form temporary plug
4. Calcium and phospholipids convert prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
5. Fibrin forms a net-like structure over platelets
6. Clot contracts bringing injured edges together assisting in wound closure and repair

Question 24

Name the 5 lymphatic organs

Answer 24

1. Lymph node
2. Spleen
3. Tonsils
4. Thymus gland
5. Peyer’s Patches