urinary system -book Flashcards
not a function of urinary system
regulating white blood cell synthesis
structures enter and leave the kidneys at a region called
hilum
when the sympathetic nervous system is activated, blood flow to the kidneys will?
decrease
kidneys are surrounded by a thick connective tissue layer called the
capsule
the outer region of the kidneys is called the
cortex
inner region of the kidneys
medulla
medulla is separated into regions called
pyramids
the tip of each pyramid is called
papilla
at the tip of each pyramid is a collecting space called
minor calyx
plasma leaved the cardiovascular system and enters the nephron, when the plasma leaves what
glomerulus
when plasma leaves the blood and enters the nephron, it is then called?
filtrate
functional units of the kidney
nephrons
the filtrate collects in a space called
bowman’s capsule
the glomeruli are surrounded by cells called
podocytes
the podocytes work as a
mechanical filter
the Bowman’s capsule is responsible for how much reabsorption from the nephrons
0%
what process occurs within the Bowman’s capsule
filtration
how much of the filtrate is usually reabsorbed
99%
fluid leaving the bowman’s capsule will enter what
proximal tubule
the proximal tubule reabsorbs how much filtarte
65%
the loop of Henle reabsorbs how much filtrate
15%
the distal tubule reabsorbs how much filtrate
19%
what percent of filtrate will become urine
1%
the movement of materials from a high to low concentration
diffusion
some materials will diffuse through the plasma membrane only if a channel exists to assist it. this is?
faciliated diffusion
the expenditure of atp to move materials against diffusion
active transport
the movement of two materials in the same direction is
cotransport
movement of two materials in the opposite direction is
countertransport
the sodium potassium exchange pump is found on which side of the proximal tubule cells
interstitial side
nutrients are moved from the filtrate and into the cell by what process
cotransport
water is reabsorbed from the loop of henle where
the descending portion
the water reabsorbed from the loop of henle is returned to the cardiovascular system by the
vasa recta
ADH will work to do what to blood pressure
increase
ANH will work to do what to blood pressure
decrease
if a person has acidosis, you would expect aldosterone secretion to do what in response
increase
what will transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
what will transport urine out of the body
urethra
diabetes insipidus involves a problem with what hormone
ADH
diabetes mellitus involves a problem with what hormone
insulin
people with type 1 diabetes mellitus have
no insulin in the body
people with type 2 diabetes mellitus have
a tolerance to insulin
what causes type 1 diabetes mellitus
autoimmune disease
what causes type 2 diabetes mellitus
a bad diet and lack of exercise
