endocrine system- book Flashcards
hormones work on specific areas called
target tissues
what type of chemical signal acts locally and on the same cell type which secreted it
autocrine
what type of chemical signal acts locally and on a different cell type than the secreting cell
paracrine
what type of chemical center enters the blood and travels some distance to its target tissue
hormone
what type of chemical signal is released into the synapse between neurons
neurotransmitter
what type of chemical signal is secreted into the environment and affects other individuals
pheromone
what 2 body systems are the controlling systems of the body
endocrine and nervous
what type of chemical signal will pass freely through the plasma membrane
lipid soluble
a water soluble chemical signal will most likely work where
the outside of the cell
a lipid soluble chemical signal is most likely to work where
the inside of the cell
most hormones are regulated by
negative feedback
which hormone is an example of the nervous system regulating the release of a hormone
norepinephrine
when one hormone regulates the release of another hormone, this is called a
tropic hormone
what hormone has a very rapid effect and a short half life
epinephrine
what hormone follows very regular patterns
estrogen
what hormone follows a very constant pattern and changes little over time
thyroid hormone
the hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary by the
hypothalamohypophysical portal system
the hypothalamus connects to the posterior pituitary by the
hypothalamohypophysical tract system
a portal system is
two capillaries with a direct connection
the hypothalamohypophysical tract system is
a bundle of axons
what is also known as the neurohypophysis
posterior pituitary
the hormones which travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary will always have what in the name
releasing or inhibiting
the posterior pituitary produces how many hormones
0
the posterior pituitary releases how many hormones
2
the anterior pituitary produces and releases how many hormones
7
which of the following is a neurohormone
ADH
which hormone can cause uterine contractions and milk release
oxytocin
a nursing baby is likely to cause the release of
oxytocin
a baby growing inside the uterus will cause the release of
oxytocin
the release of ADH will cause urine output to
decrease
if the body releases less ADH, urine output will
increase
if a person is losing a large amount of blood, you would expect ADH secretion to
increase
if a person has chronic high blood pressure, you would expect ADH secretion to
decrease
if a physician wishes to prevent a woman from going into labor, she would block what hormone
oxytocin
ADH will do what to sodium and water absorption in the kidneys
increase
ADH attempts to do what to blood pressure
increase
which hormone will increase milk production
prolactin
which hormone will darken the skin
MSH
which hormone would be released if a person is starving
lipotropins
if a person has fractured a humerus, you would expect what hormone to be released
beta endorphins
which hormone is responsible for raising the metabolism
thyroid hormone
which hormone will increase the number of mitochondria within our cells and make the mitochondria more active
thyroid hormone
if a person is exercising intensely everyday you would expect what hormone to be elevated
thyroid hormone
what hormone targets the adrenal cortex
ACTH
when a person uses a test kit to determine the best time to become pregnant, the kit will check for elevated levels of what hormone
LH
the pineal gland releases which hormone
melatonin
which hormone requires iodine in its production
T3 and T4
which hormone works to decrease blood calcium levels
calcitonin
which hormone will inhibit osteoclast activity
calcitonin
which hormone works to increase blood calcium levels
PTH
which of the following is not a target tissue of PTH
blood
which organ will be found on the superior poles of the kidneys
adrenals
the adrenal medulla is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
the adrenal medulla will release
epinephrine
activation of the adrenal medulla is likely to cause
rapid heart rate
if a person has acidosis, you would expect aldosterone secretion to
increase
if a person was low on potassium, aldosterone secretion would
decrease
which hormone would be used to treat inflammation
cortisol
after eating a meal, insulin secretion will
increase
hours after a meal, insulin levels will be
low
insulin works to do what to blood sugar levels
lower
glucagon works to do what to blood sugar levels
raise
after hours of intense exercise glucagon levels will be
high
which would be a target tissue for glucagon
liver
most common form of diabetes
type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
an autoimmune disease
a person is no longer producing insulin with what form of diabetes
type 1 diabetes mellitus
thymosin is needed for proper functioning of what system
lymphatic
atrial natriuretic hormone will do what to urine output
raise
atrial natriuretic hormone is released when blood pressure is
high
erythropoietin is released when oxygen delivery is
low
the target tissue for erythropoietin is
bone marrow
