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A & P > endocrine system- book > Flashcards

endocrine system- book Flashcards

1
Q

hormones work on specific areas called

A

target tissues

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2
Q

what type of chemical signal acts locally and on the same cell type which secreted it

A

autocrine

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3
Q

what type of chemical signal acts locally and on a different cell type than the secreting cell

A

paracrine

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4
Q

what type of chemical center enters the blood and travels some distance to its target tissue

A

hormone

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5
Q

what type of chemical signal is released into the synapse between neurons

A

neurotransmitter

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6
Q

what type of chemical signal is secreted into the environment and affects other individuals

A

pheromone

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7
Q

what 2 body systems are the controlling systems of the body

A

endocrine and nervous

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8
Q

what type of chemical signal will pass freely through the plasma membrane

A

lipid soluble

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9
Q

a water soluble chemical signal will most likely work where

A

the outside of the cell

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10
Q

a lipid soluble chemical signal is most likely to work where

A

the inside of the cell

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11
Q

most hormones are regulated by

A

negative feedback

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12
Q

which hormone is an example of the nervous system regulating the release of a hormone

A

norepinephrine

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13
Q

when one hormone regulates the release of another hormone, this is called a

A

tropic hormone

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14
Q

what hormone has a very rapid effect and a short half life

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

what hormone follows very regular patterns

A

estrogen

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16
Q

what hormone follows a very constant pattern and changes little over time

A

thyroid hormone

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17
Q

the hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary by the

A

hypothalamohypophysical portal system

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18
Q

the hypothalamus connects to the posterior pituitary by the

A

hypothalamohypophysical tract system

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19
Q

a portal system is

A

two capillaries with a direct connection

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20
Q

the hypothalamohypophysical tract system is

A

a bundle of axons

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21
Q

what is also known as the neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

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22
Q

the hormones which travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary will always have what in the name

A

releasing or inhibiting

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23
Q

the posterior pituitary produces how many hormones

A

0

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24
Q

the posterior pituitary releases how many hormones

A

2

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25
Q

the anterior pituitary produces and releases how many hormones

A

7

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26
Q

which of the following is a neurohormone

A

ADH

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27
Q

which hormone can cause uterine contractions and milk release

A

oxytocin

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28
Q

a nursing baby is likely to cause the release of

A

oxytocin

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29
Q

a baby growing inside the uterus will cause the release of

A

oxytocin

30
Q

the release of ADH will cause urine output to

A

decrease

31
Q

if the body releases less ADH, urine output will

A

increase

32
Q

if a person is losing a large amount of blood, you would expect ADH secretion to

A

increase

33
Q

if a person has chronic high blood pressure, you would expect ADH secretion to

A

decrease

34
Q

if a physician wishes to prevent a woman from going into labor, she would block what hormone

A

oxytocin

35
Q

ADH will do what to sodium and water absorption in the kidneys

A

increase

36
Q

ADH attempts to do what to blood pressure

A

increase

37
Q

which hormone will increase milk production

A

prolactin

38
Q

which hormone will darken the skin

A

MSH

39
Q

which hormone would be released if a person is starving

A

lipotropins

40
Q

if a person has fractured a humerus, you would expect what hormone to be released

A

beta endorphins

41
Q

which hormone is responsible for raising the metabolism

A

thyroid hormone

42
Q

which hormone will increase the number of mitochondria within our cells and make the mitochondria more active

A

thyroid hormone

43
Q

if a person is exercising intensely everyday you would expect what hormone to be elevated

A

thyroid hormone

44
Q

what hormone targets the adrenal cortex

A

ACTH

45
Q

when a person uses a test kit to determine the best time to become pregnant, the kit will check for elevated levels of what hormone

A

LH

46
Q

the pineal gland releases which hormone

A

melatonin

47
Q

which hormone requires iodine in its production

A

T3 and T4

48
Q

which hormone works to decrease blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

49
Q

which hormone will inhibit osteoclast activity

A

calcitonin

50
Q

which hormone works to increase blood calcium levels

A

PTH

51
Q

which of the following is not a target tissue of PTH

A

blood

52
Q

which organ will be found on the superior poles of the kidneys

A

adrenals

53
Q

the adrenal medulla is part of the

A

sympathetic nervous system

54
Q

the adrenal medulla will release

A

epinephrine

55
Q

activation of the adrenal medulla is likely to cause

A

rapid heart rate

56
Q

if a person has acidosis, you would expect aldosterone secretion to

A

increase

57
Q

if a person was low on potassium, aldosterone secretion would

A

decrease

58
Q

which hormone would be used to treat inflammation

A

cortisol

59
Q

after eating a meal, insulin secretion will

A

increase

60
Q

hours after a meal, insulin levels will be

A

low

61
Q

insulin works to do what to blood sugar levels

A

lower

62
Q

glucagon works to do what to blood sugar levels

A

raise

63
Q

after hours of intense exercise glucagon levels will be

A

high

64
Q

which would be a target tissue for glucagon

A

liver

65
Q

most common form of diabetes

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

66
Q

type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by

A

an autoimmune disease

67
Q

a person is no longer producing insulin with what form of diabetes

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus

68
Q

thymosin is needed for proper functioning of what system

A

lymphatic

69
Q

atrial natriuretic hormone will do what to urine output

A

raise

70
Q

atrial natriuretic hormone is released when blood pressure is

A

high

71
Q

erythropoietin is released when oxygen delivery is

A

low

72
Q

the target tissue for erythropoietin is

A

bone marrow

A & P (17 decks)

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