Urinary System

Question 1

Which organs are used to eliminate urine

Answer 1

Ureters
Bladder
Urethtra

Question 2

What are the 3 key functional roles of the urinary system

Answer 2

1. Excretion
   Removal of waste from body fluids.
2. Elimination
   Storage of urine
   Discharge of waste products
3. Homeostatic Regualtion
   Elimination of toxins

Question 3

What is the renal capsule

Answer 3

Fibrous capsule that encloses the kidney and prevents infection

Question 4

What is the renal fascia

Answer 4

Outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney.

Question 5

What is perirenal fat

Answer 5

External to the renal fascia and provides protection to the kidenys.

Question 6

What is the renal hilum and what dies it encompass.

Answer 6

Its the idented part of the kidney

Allows points of entry
Renal Artery
Renal Nerves

Allows points of exit
Renal Vein
Ureter

Question 7

What is the cortex

Answer 7

Ends of the kidneys columns

Question 8

What is the medulla

Answer 8

Composed in the triangular renal pyramids separated by renal columns.

Question 9

What are found at the base of renal pyramids

Answer 9

Renal Papillae

Question 10

What are the two types of nephron

Answer 10

Corticol
penetrates the medulla

Juxtamedulary
Reached deep into the muedulla

Question 11

What does the renal corpuscle consist of

Answer 11

Glomerular capsule

Glomerlus network of capillaries.

Question 12

What does the renal tubule consist of

Answer 12

Long tubular passage

Question 13

Define the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

First segment of renal tubule

Simple cuboidal cells with microvilli on the luminal surface

Question 14

Define the loop go henle

Answer 14

Descending limb (squamous) passes into medulla

Ascending limb (cuboidal) re-enters cortex and transitions into distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 15

Define the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

Empties urine into common collecting duct, leading to the papillary duct and renal papillae at the tip of the renal pyramid

Question 16

What cells are found in the renal corpuscle

Answer 16

Outer- SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA

Inner- SPECIALSIED PODOCYTES.

Question 17

What are podocytes

Answer 17

Cells with processes adhering to basal laminaover fenestrated capillary endothelium

Question 18

What are the functions of ureters.

Answer 18

Urine flows from renal pelvis through the ureter (1 per kidney) to the urinary bladder

Question 19

How does ureters enter the bladder

Answer 19

Obliqeuly

Question 20

What is the tri-layered wall in ureters

Answer 20

Internal musocsa

Medial Muscularis

Adventitia

Question 21

What is the urothelium

Answer 21

Transition al epithelium which is impermeable to salts and water.

Question 22

What are the 3 layers of the bladder

Answer 22

Transitional epithelial layer (urothelium)

Muscle layer -detrusor muscle

Adventitia

Question 23

What is the trigone in the bladder

Answer 23

Triangular area outlined by openings for the ureters and the urethra

Question 24

What is the urethra

Answer 24

Drains urine from the bladder

Conveys it out of the body

Question 25

Define the difference between the internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter.

Answer 25

Internal urethral sphincter - Involuntary control
Located at bladder
urethra junction

External urethral sphincter - Voluntary control
Passes through urogenital diaphragm
Controlled by levator animuscle, situated on the side of the pelvis