Urinary System Flashcards
Which organs are used to eliminate urine
Ureters
Bladder
Urethtra
What are the 3 key functional roles of the urinary system
- Excretion
Removal of waste from body fluids. - Elimination
Storage of urine
Discharge of waste products - Homeostatic Regualtion
Elimination of toxins
What is the renal capsule
Fibrous capsule that encloses the kidney and prevents infection
What is the renal fascia
Outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney.
What is perirenal fat
External to the renal fascia and provides protection to the kidenys.
What is the renal hilum and what dies it encompass.
Its the idented part of the kidney
Allows points of entry
Renal Artery
Renal Nerves
Allows points of exit
Renal Vein
Ureter
What is the cortex
Ends of the kidneys columns
What is the medulla
Composed in the triangular renal pyramids separated by renal columns.
What are found at the base of renal pyramids
Renal Papillae
What are the two types of nephron
Corticol
penetrates the medulla
Juxtamedulary
Reached deep into the muedulla
What does the renal corpuscle consist of
Glomerular capsule
Glomerlus network of capillaries.
What does the renal tubule consist of
Long tubular passage
Define the proximal convoluted tubule
First segment of renal tubule
Simple cuboidal cells with microvilli on the luminal surface
Define the loop go henle
Descending limb (squamous) passes into medulla
Ascending limb (cuboidal) re-enters cortex and transitions into distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Define the distal convoluted tubule
Empties urine into common collecting duct, leading to the papillary duct and renal papillae at the tip of the renal pyramid
What cells are found in the renal corpuscle
Outer- SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA
Inner- SPECIALSIED PODOCYTES.
What are podocytes
Cells with processes adhering to basal laminaover fenestrated capillary endothelium
What are the functions of ureters.
Urine flows from renal pelvis through the ureter (1 per kidney) to the urinary bladder
How does ureters enter the bladder
Obliqeuly
What is the tri-layered wall in ureters
Internal musocsa
Medial Muscularis
Adventitia
What is the urothelium
Transition al epithelium which is impermeable to salts and water.
What are the 3 layers of the bladder
Transitional epithelial layer (urothelium)
Muscle layer -detrusor muscle
Adventitia
What is the trigone in the bladder
Triangular area outlined by openings for the ureters and the urethra
What is the urethra
Drains urine from the bladder
Conveys it out of the body
Define the difference between the internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter.
Internal urethral sphincter - Involuntary control
Located at bladder
urethra junction
External urethral sphincter - Voluntary control
Passes through urogenital diaphragm
Controlled by levator animuscle, situated on the side of the pelvis
