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Intergrated Medical Sciences > Digestive System part 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System part 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What components does digestion breakdown:
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates.

A

Fatty acids
Amino Acids
Sugars

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2
Q

What are the main components of the digestive system

A 
Mouth
pharynx 
oesophagus 
stomach 
intestins 
anus
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3
Q

What are the accessory organs involved with digestion.

A

Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

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4
Q

What is the function of the mouth.

A

Secretion of salivary amylase.

Lingual lipase breaks down fat into smaller molecules.

Allows increased surface area for enzymes.

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5
Q

What the the 4 types of lingual papillae

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

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6
Q

What are considered the transport passage organs.

A

Anal canal
oespghasu
pharynx.

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7
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

Contains stratified squamous epithelial

25cm long

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8
Q

What are components of alimentary tract

A

Mucosa
which is lined with epithelium with glandular secretions to moisten surface.

Submucosa
Separates mucosa from underlying muscle layers.

Muscalris externa 
Smooth muscle 
inner- circular 
outer- longitudinal. 
Allows peristaltic contractions.

Serosa
fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

What makes up the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileium

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10
Q

What makes up the large intestine

A

Ascedning colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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11
Q

What are the 4 anatomical regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Sorpus
Pylori

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12
Q

What is the function of the stomach.

A

Food is mixed with gastric juices with hydrochrloic acids and enzymes.

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13
Q

What enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach

A

Pepsin

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14
Q

How is the stomach protected

A

Mucus secreted by stomach cells (foveolar cells) protects the stomach lining.

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15
Q

What is the function of small intestine

A

Increases surface area vial microvilli

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16
Q

What are the main cell types in the small intestines mucosa

A

Enterocytes

17
Q

What are the 3 main sections of the large intestine

A

Caecum
rectum
colon

18
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

Reabsorption of water and inorganic salts.

19
Q

What cells are mostly present in large intestine

A

goblet cells

20
Q

What is excreted

A

Solid waste such as faeces

Metabolic waste produced by chemical reactions like respiration, hydrolyses.

21
Q

What is a hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of stomach into the mediastinum through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Intergrated Medical Sciences (38 decks)

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