Tissues- Practical Flashcards
Define the cell types in a squamous epithelial cell?
- Large flattened cells
- Abundant Cytoplasm
- Small round nucleus
Where are squamous epithelial cells found?
Air sacs in the lungs lining the heart, blood vessels and the lymphatic system.
What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?
Allows materials to pass through via diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substances.
What components exists within a cuboidal epithelial cells?
- Nucleus
- Lumen
- Cytoplasm
- Connective tissue
What is the function of cuboidal epithelial cells?
Absorption, secretion or excretion of waste materials.
Where in the body is an example of cuboidal epithelial cells?
Ovaries and Kidneys
Ducts and secretory portion of small glands and kidney tubules.
What is the general function of epithelial tissues?
They cover surfaces for diffusion recreation, protection act:
What are epithelial tissues made up of?
They have a basement membrane and extracellular material that has no blood vessels.
The basement membrane attaches the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.
What components are within a pseudo-stratified epithelial cell in the trachea?
- Basal cells
- Basement membrane
- Capillaries
- Submucosa
- Goblet cells
Why does pseudo-stratified cells appear striated?
Because of the nuclei of the epithelial cells are at different levels.
What components are made up in a white fibrous tissue?
- Fibroblast nuclei
- Collagen fibres
- Fibroblast
- Connective tissue
What role does the collagen fibres play in white fibrous tissue?
Provides strength and has a silvery white appearance
Used in ligaments, tendons and membranes.
What is connective tissue normally characterised as?
Large amounts of ECM that separate cells from each other, whereas epithelial tissue is mostly cells with little extracellular material.
What components are found in the liver reticulin stain?
Collagenous fibres White blood cells Fibroblasts Hepatocyte nuclei type 3 collagen
Define type 3 collagen?
Thin fibres which form delicate framework in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, hemopoietic organs.
They support capillaries nerves and muscle cells
How is liver reticulin stain visible?
Its visible via silver stain
What components and organelles are present in non-strained muscle?
Surrounding connective tissue Single nucleus Venule Mitochondria Smooth muscle cells Small arteriole
What is non striated muscle described as?
FUSIFORM MUSCLE
What arrangement is non striated muscle in?
Longitudinal arrangment.
What are the general properties and functions of a non striated muscle?
Spindle shaped
No striations
Involuntary control
Found lining blood vessels, respiratory tract and digestive tract.
What cells are present in striated muscle?
Satellite cells myofibril capillaries A BAND I BAND H BAND Endomysium Perimysium
What arrangement is striated muscle in?
Longitudinal
Within the striated muscle what shows alternative striations?
Myofibirils
Define perimysium in striated muscle ?
Connective tissue which surrounds a group of muscle called fasciles
Define endomysium in striated muscle?
Thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell
What is found within cardiac muscle?
Branched disks
intercalated disks
lipofuscin
Nuclei
Properties and function of cardiac muscle?
Cardiac cells are do not contain cells equivalent to satellite cells of skeletal muscle
muscle is striated and contains cardiomyocytes.
What arrangement is cardiac muscle in?
longitudinal
Within the human scalp, define and explain the components present?
Dermis- dense irregular connective tissue that supports the epidermis
Hair- Shaft found at the centre of the hair follicle, it also contains a cortex and medulla surrounded by a cuticle
Epidermis- Striated squamous
Sebeacous Gland- Produces lipid rich secreation called sebrum that is released into the hair follicles.
Arrector pilli muscle- Small muscles attached to hair follicles causing the hair to stand
Eccrine sweat glands- Coiled tubular seat producing glands.
Where does scapulas hairs arise from?
Arise from hair follicles extending deep into the Demis
FORM CYLINDER CELLS
Where are adrenal glands located?
On top of the kidneys
Within the adrenal cortex it is made up of 3 components what are they?
- Stroma
- Medulla
- Cortex
Define the components in the stroma in the adrenal gland?
Capsule- enclosed within a thin layer of connective tissue
Afferent blood vessels- penetrate the capsule and branch into sinusoids that supply the medulla and cortex.
What components are within the cortex in the adrenal gland?
Zona glomerlosa- Outer zone of glomerulus like cluster of cells secrete aldosterone.
Cells have a central nucleus and lipid filled cytoplasm
Zona Fasciulata- Middle Zone of 2 cells wide ventricle cords that secrete cortisol.
Zona Reticularis- Inner Zone of one cell wide anatomising rows that secrete testosterone. Cells have a central nucleus and esonopulled cytoplasm
Sinusoidal Capillaries- Rich network of capillaries
What components are within the medulla in the adrenal gland?
Chromathri cells- modified postganglionic sympathetic neurones that secrete echolamines
Ganglion cells- Medullary vessels
What is the function fo adrenal glands
Produce variety of hormones that helps regulate metabolism and blood pressure.
Define the components in the stroma in the thymus gland?
Capsule- Enclosed in a thin layer of connective tissue
Trabercuale- Connective tissue extends inwards from the capsule to partially outline irregular lobes.
Define the components in the parenchyma in the thymus gland?
Thyroid follicles- Where the thyroid hormones are stored
Colloid- Lumen filled with gel like mass
Follicular cells- Lined by simple cuboidal they secrete thyroid hormones when active.
Capillaries
Parafollicular cells- secrete calcforin
Define the pancreatic tissue?
Pancreatic islets are endocrine cells located within the pancreas. They secrete hormones (insulin and glucagon) important in the regulation of glucose in the blood.
What components are included in the pancreas?
Islets of langerhaus 1-4
Contains 4 different types of endocrine cells Beta- secrete cells Alpha- secrete glucagon Delta- somasostatin PP- Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
What type of gland is the pancreas
Endocrine and exocrine gland
They secrete digestive enzymes in the duodenum
Define the structure of endocrine cells in the pancreas?
Occur was irregular cords surrounded by fenestrated capillaries
What components are in the duodenum?
Mucosa Villi Goblet cells Crypts Submucosa
Define the liver?
Largest internal organ of the body
What is the principle cell in the liver?
Hepatocyte.
How are hepatocytes in the liver arranged in the liver/
Arranged in branching patterns separated by sinusoids. Filtering blood that comes from the digestive tract.
What organelles and components are within the liver?q
Central vein- Large venue and centre of the lobule
Hepatocyte- Anastomising plates, 1 cell thick, radiate outwards from the central veins
Portal triads- Corners of each lobes
What are the different portal triads in the liver?
Heaptic arterioles- supply O2 to sinosoids
Portal venule- Supply nutrients rich blood from the GI tract to sinusoids
Bile ducts - Drain bile from hepatocytes to periphery
Lymphatic vessles
What is the order of structures fro veins and arteries
Tunica Intima- endothelium, C.T, elastic lamina
Tunica Media- Smooth muscle
Tunica Adventita- Dense irregular C.t
