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Intergrated Medical Sciences > Tissues- Practical > Flashcards

Tissues- Practical Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define the cell types in a squamous epithelial cell?

A
  • Large flattened cells
  • Abundant Cytoplasm
  • Small round nucleus
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2
Q

Where are squamous epithelial cells found?

A

Air sacs in the lungs lining the heart, blood vessels and the lymphatic system.

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3
Q

What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?

A

Allows materials to pass through via diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substances.

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4
Q

What components exists within a cuboidal epithelial cells?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Lumen
  • Cytoplasm
  • Connective tissue
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5
Q

What is the function of cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Absorption, secretion or excretion of waste materials.

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6
Q

Where in the body is an example of cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Ovaries and Kidneys

Ducts and secretory portion of small glands and kidney tubules.

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7
Q

What is the general function of epithelial tissues?

A

They cover surfaces for diffusion recreation, protection act:

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8
Q

What are epithelial tissues made up of?

A

They have a basement membrane and extracellular material that has no blood vessels.
The basement membrane attaches the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.

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9
Q

What components are within a pseudo-stratified epithelial cell in the trachea?

A
  • Basal cells
  • Basement membrane
  • Capillaries
  • Submucosa
  • Goblet cells
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10
Q

Why does pseudo-stratified cells appear striated?

A

Because of the nuclei of the epithelial cells are at different levels.

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11
Q

What components are made up in a white fibrous tissue?

A
  • Fibroblast nuclei
  • Collagen fibres
  • Fibroblast
  • Connective tissue
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12
Q

What role does the collagen fibres play in white fibrous tissue?

A

Provides strength and has a silvery white appearance

Used in ligaments, tendons and membranes.

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13
Q

What is connective tissue normally characterised as?

A

Large amounts of ECM that separate cells from each other, whereas epithelial tissue is mostly cells with little extracellular material.

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14
Q

What components are found in the liver reticulin stain?

A 
Collagenous fibres
White blood cells 
Fibroblasts 
Hepatocyte nuclei 
type 3 collagen
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15
Q

Define type 3 collagen?

A

Thin fibres which form delicate framework in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, hemopoietic organs.
They support capillaries nerves and muscle cells

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16
Q

How is liver reticulin stain visible?

A

Its visible via silver stain

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17
Q

What components and organelles are present in non-strained muscle?

A 
Surrounding connective tissue 
Single nucleus 
Venule
Mitochondria
Smooth muscle cells
Small arteriole
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18
Q

What is non striated muscle described as?

A

FUSIFORM MUSCLE

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19
Q

What arrangement is non striated muscle in?

A

Longitudinal arrangment.

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20
Q

What are the general properties and functions of a non striated muscle?

A

Spindle shaped
No striations
Involuntary control
Found lining blood vessels, respiratory tract and digestive tract.

21
Q

What cells are present in striated muscle?

A 
Satellite cells 
myofibril 
capillaries
A BAND
I BAND
H BAND
Endomysium
Perimysium
22
Q

What arrangement is striated muscle in?

A

Longitudinal

23
Q

Within the striated muscle what shows alternative striations?

A

Myofibirils

24
Q

Define perimysium in striated muscle ?

A

Connective tissue which surrounds a group of muscle called fasciles

25
Q

Define endomysium in striated muscle?

A

Thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell

26
Q

What is found within cardiac muscle?

A

Branched disks
intercalated disks
lipofuscin
Nuclei

27
Q

Properties and function of cardiac muscle?

A

Cardiac cells are do not contain cells equivalent to satellite cells of skeletal muscle
muscle is striated and contains cardiomyocytes.

28
Q

What arrangement is cardiac muscle in?

A

longitudinal

29
Q

Within the human scalp, define and explain the components present?

A

Dermis- dense irregular connective tissue that supports the epidermis

Hair- Shaft found at the centre of the hair follicle, it also contains a cortex and medulla surrounded by a cuticle

Epidermis- Striated squamous

Sebeacous Gland- Produces lipid rich secreation called sebrum that is released into the hair follicles.

Arrector pilli muscle- Small muscles attached to hair follicles causing the hair to stand

Eccrine sweat glands- Coiled tubular seat producing glands.

30
Q

Where does scapulas hairs arise from?

A

Arise from hair follicles extending deep into the Demis

FORM CYLINDER CELLS

31
Q

Where are adrenal glands located?

A

On top of the kidneys

32
Q

Within the adrenal cortex it is made up of 3 components what are they?

A
  • Stroma
  • Medulla
  • Cortex
33
Q

Define the components in the stroma in the adrenal gland?

A

Capsule- enclosed within a thin layer of connective tissue

Afferent blood vessels- penetrate the capsule and branch into sinusoids that supply the medulla and cortex.

34
Q

What components are within the cortex in the adrenal gland?

A

Zona glomerlosa- Outer zone of glomerulus like cluster of cells secrete aldosterone.
Cells have a central nucleus and lipid filled cytoplasm

Zona Fasciulata- Middle Zone of 2 cells wide ventricle cords that secrete cortisol.

Zona Reticularis- Inner Zone of one cell wide anatomising rows that secrete testosterone. Cells have a central nucleus and esonopulled cytoplasm

Sinusoidal Capillaries- Rich network of capillaries

35
Q

What components are within the medulla in the adrenal gland?

A

Chromathri cells- modified postganglionic sympathetic neurones that secrete echolamines

Ganglion cells- Medullary vessels

36
Q

What is the function fo adrenal glands

A

Produce variety of hormones that helps regulate metabolism and blood pressure.

37
Q

Define the components in the stroma in the thymus gland?

A

Capsule- Enclosed in a thin layer of connective tissue

Trabercuale- Connective tissue extends inwards from the capsule to partially outline irregular lobes.

38
Q

Define the components in the parenchyma in the thymus gland?

A

Thyroid follicles- Where the thyroid hormones are stored

Colloid- Lumen filled with gel like mass

Follicular cells- Lined by simple cuboidal they secrete thyroid hormones when active.

Capillaries

Parafollicular cells- secrete calcforin

39
Q

Define the pancreatic tissue?

A

Pancreatic islets are endocrine cells located within the pancreas. They secrete hormones (insulin and glucagon) important in the regulation of glucose in the blood.

40
Q

What components are included in the pancreas?

A

Islets of langerhaus 1-4

Contains 4 different types of endocrine cells 
Beta- secrete cells
Alpha- secrete glucagon 
Delta- somasostatin 
PP- Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
41
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas

A

Endocrine and exocrine gland

They secrete digestive enzymes in the duodenum

42
Q

Define the structure of endocrine cells in the pancreas?

A

Occur was irregular cords surrounded by fenestrated capillaries

43
Q

What components are in the duodenum?

A 
Mucosa
Villi 
Goblet cells
Crypts 
Submucosa
44
Q

Define the liver?

A

Largest internal organ of the body

45
Q

What is the principle cell in the liver?

A

Hepatocyte.

46
Q

How are hepatocytes in the liver arranged in the liver/

A

Arranged in branching patterns separated by sinusoids. Filtering blood that comes from the digestive tract.

47
Q

What organelles and components are within the liver?q

A

Central vein- Large venue and centre of the lobule

Hepatocyte- Anastomising plates, 1 cell thick, radiate outwards from the central veins

Portal triads- Corners of each lobes

48
Q

What are the different portal triads in the liver?

A

Heaptic arterioles- supply O2 to sinosoids

Portal venule- Supply nutrients rich blood from the GI tract to sinusoids

Bile ducts - Drain bile from hepatocytes to periphery

Lymphatic vessles

49
Q

What is the order of structures fro veins and arteries

A

Tunica Intima- endothelium, C.T, elastic lamina
Tunica Media- Smooth muscle
Tunica Adventita- Dense irregular C.t

Intergrated Medical Sciences (38 decks)

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