Cardiac system Flashcards
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system
Deliver blood to tissues
Provide essential nutrients to cells for metabolisms n
Remove waste
Maintain homeostasis
What are the components of CV
4 chambers
blood vessels.
2 major ciruclarotry systems.
What does the left side of the heart contain
systemic arteries
veins
capillaries
What does the right side of the heart contain
Pulmonary arteries and capillaries
Veins
Where does the pump from the left side of the heart get pumped to
All over the body
Where does the pump from the right side of the heart get pumped to
Lungs
Where is the heart located
In the mediastinum covered in pericardium
What are the heart muscles called
Myocardium
What are the valves of the heart
AV valves
Semi Lunar valves
What do the chordae tendinae do
Specialist tendon that attach to the AV valves which prevents the valves cusps everting into the atria.
What are the 2 types of cardiac muscle cells
Contractile
Autorhythmic
Where is the SAN node located
Upper wall of right atrium
What is the function of AVN node
Generated an action potential at a slower rate
Describe the cardiac action potential
- SA node
Action potential is initiated at the SA node which acts as a pacemaker. - Atrial internal tracts and atria.
Action potentials spreads from the SA node to the atria via atria internal tracts. - AV nodes
Conduction velocity through the AV node is slower than in other cardiac tissue. tHE SLOW CONDUCTION ALLOWS VENTRICLES TO FILL BEFORE THEY CONTRACT. - Bundle of HIs
from AV Nodes action potential travels down the bundle of His and up the purkinje fibres allowing the contraction of the ventricle s
What is epicardium
connective tissue that forms the inner membrane of the pericardium
What is myocardium
contains myocytes, nodal cells and purkinje fibres
What is endocardium
Simple squamous epithelial layer.
What is an ECG
Recording of the hearts electrical activity
What are the 3 stages of diastole
Isovolumetric relaxation
Passive filling
Atrial contraction.
What is stroke volume
volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat
What is components are composed of blood
RBC, WBC platelets.
Describe erythrocytes.
Make up 45% of blood volume.
biconcave disk and small enough to squeeze through a capillary.
What is the function of a RBC
To carry oxygen and co2 in between the lungs and body tissues.
Define WBC
Also known as a leukocyte
body defence against a pathogen.
Define a platelet
Also known as a thrombocyte which plays a crucial role win blood clotting to rperbt. further injury.
What hormone is release in thrombocytes which causes blood vessels to spasm and narrow
Serotonin
Where does blood go to after a meal
GI tract
What is the blood vessel structure
Tunica Intima
Endothelium
Tunica Media
Smooth muscles and sheets of elastin. Maintains blood pressure
Tunica Adventitia
Loosely woven collagen fibres for protection. Contains large vasa vasorum.
What is the function of arteries.
The function of the arteries is to deliver oxygenated blood to the organs.
The arteries are thick walled structures with extensive development of elastic tissue, smooth muscle and connective tissue. (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
What is the function of capillaries.
where nutrients, gases, water and solutes are exchanged between the blood and the tissues.
Lipid soluble substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide) cross the capillary wall by dissolving in and diffusing across the endothelial cells.
What are capillaries lined with
with a single layer of endothelial cells, surrounded by a basal lamina.
What is the function of veins.
Collect blood from all tissues and organs and return it to the heart.
What is diastolic pressure
Diastolic pressure is the lowest arterial pressure measure during a cardiac cycle
What is systolic pressure
Systolic pressure is the highest arterial pressure measured during a cardiac cycle.
What is pulse pressure
the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
What is atherosclerosis
Artery thickens due to accumulation of fatty material such as cholesterol and triglyceride.
