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Intergrated Medical Sciences > Cardiac system > Flashcards

Cardiac system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Deliver blood to tissues
Provide essential nutrients to cells for metabolisms n
Remove waste
Maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the components of CV

A

4 chambers
blood vessels.
2 major ciruclarotry systems.

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3
Q

What does the left side of the heart contain

A

systemic arteries
veins
capillaries

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4
Q

What does the right side of the heart contain

A

Pulmonary arteries and capillaries

Veins

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5
Q

Where does the pump from the left side of the heart get pumped to

A

All over the body

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6
Q

Where does the pump from the right side of the heart get pumped to

A

Lungs

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7
Q

Where is the heart located

A

In the mediastinum covered in pericardium

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8
Q

What are the heart muscles called

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

What are the valves of the heart

A

AV valves

Semi Lunar valves

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10
Q

What do the chordae tendinae do

A

Specialist tendon that attach to the AV valves which prevents the valves cusps everting into the atria.

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of cardiac muscle cells

A

Contractile

Autorhythmic

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12
Q

Where is the SAN node located

A

Upper wall of right atrium

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13
Q

What is the function of AVN node

A

Generated an action potential at a slower rate

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14
Q

Describe the cardiac action potential

A
  1. SA node
    Action potential is initiated at the SA node which acts as a pacemaker.
  2. Atrial internal tracts and atria.
    Action potentials spreads from the SA node to the atria via atria internal tracts.
  3. AV nodes
    Conduction velocity through the AV node is slower than in other cardiac tissue. tHE SLOW CONDUCTION ALLOWS VENTRICLES TO FILL BEFORE THEY CONTRACT.
  4. Bundle of HIs
    from AV Nodes action potential travels down the bundle of His and up the purkinje fibres allowing the contraction of the ventricle s
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15
Q

What is epicardium

A

connective tissue that forms the inner membrane of the pericardium

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16
Q

What is myocardium

A

contains myocytes, nodal cells and purkinje fibres

17
Q

What is endocardium

A

Simple squamous epithelial layer.

18
Q

What is an ECG

A

Recording of the hearts electrical activity

19
Q

What are the 3 stages of diastole

A

Isovolumetric relaxation
Passive filling
Atrial contraction.

20
Q

What is stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

21
Q

What is components are composed of blood

A

RBC, WBC platelets.

22
Q

Describe erythrocytes.

A

Make up 45% of blood volume.

biconcave disk and small enough to squeeze through a capillary.

23
Q

What is the function of a RBC

A

To carry oxygen and co2 in between the lungs and body tissues.

24
Q

Define WBC

A

Also known as a leukocyte

body defence against a pathogen.

25
Q

Define a platelet

A

Also known as a thrombocyte which plays a crucial role win blood clotting to rperbt. further injury.

26
Q

What hormone is release in thrombocytes which causes blood vessels to spasm and narrow

A

Serotonin

27
Q

Where does blood go to after a meal

A

GI tract

28
Q

What is the blood vessel structure

A

Tunica Intima
Endothelium

Tunica Media
Smooth muscles and sheets of elastin. Maintains blood pressure

Tunica Adventitia
Loosely woven collagen fibres for protection. Contains large vasa vasorum.

29
Q

What is the function of arteries.

A

The function of the arteries is to deliver oxygenated blood to the organs.

The arteries are thick walled structures with extensive development of elastic tissue, smooth muscle and connective tissue. (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)

30
Q

What is the function of capillaries.

A

where nutrients, gases, water and solutes are exchanged between the blood and the tissues.

Lipid soluble substances (oxygen and carbon dioxide) cross the capillary wall by dissolving in and diffusing across the endothelial cells.

31
Q

What are capillaries lined with

A

with a single layer of endothelial cells, surrounded by a basal lamina.

32
Q

What is the function of veins.

A

Collect blood from all tissues and organs and return it to the heart.

33
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

Diastolic pressure is the lowest arterial pressure measure during a cardiac cycle

34
Q

What is systolic pressure

A

Systolic pressure is the highest arterial pressure measured during a cardiac cycle.

35
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

36
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Artery thickens due to accumulation of fatty material such as cholesterol and triglyceride.

Intergrated Medical Sciences (38 decks)

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