Digestion Part 2 Flashcards
What are the different large salivary glands
Sublingual
Beneath the tongue
Submandibular
Floor of the mouth
Parotid
Empties into the mouth at 2nd molar
How much saliva is recreated each day
1000-1500ml/day
What is the function if the liver
To filter the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body.
Also detoxifies chemicals and metabolises drugs.
Describe the anatomy of the liver
Largest internal organs
Makes bile and removes toxin
HAs 8 segments which each have their own portal pedicle
What thoracic ribs protect the liver
7-11
How does bile canaliculi work
Bile canaliculi collects the bile produced by hepatocytes and drains it into the bile duct.
What is the pathway for bile in the liver.
Bile passes from the liver via the biliary ducts – right and left – that join to form the common hepatic duct which unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct.
What is the composition of bile
Organic- bilirubin
Inorganic- bile salts
What produces bile
Hepatocytes which passes into bile canluculi
What can the over production of bile cause
jaundice
What is the function of the gallbladder
Concentrates and stores bile
H2O and ions absorbed by mucosa
Receives watery bile from hepatic duct
Contraction of muscularis layer empties thick, concentrated bile into common bile duct and into small intestine.
What happens when the small intestine is empty
sphincter of Oddi closes
What are gall stones
Gallstones are cholesterol that have crystallised within the gall bladder
What is the role of cck
- Liver secrete bile
- It remains In the gall baldder and becomes concerntrat4ed
- the release of cck by the duodenum triggers dilationn of heaptopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gall bladder. This ejects bile into the duodenum through the duodenal ampulla.
- Bile breaks the salts and lipid droplets by emulsification.
What is the role of the pancreas
Makes digestive juices that help break down food in the small intestine.•Behind stomach•Retroperitoneal•No distinct capsule•Covered by a thin layer of connective tissue•Endocrine and exocrine functions
What is the exocrine function of the pancrease
Acini cells are clusters surrounding ducts responsible for secreting digestive enzymes.
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
There are 3 major types of cells in an islet:
- Alpha cells make glucagon, which raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
- Beta cells make insulin
- delta cells make somatostatin which inhibits the release of numerous other hormones in the body
Degeneration of beta cells is the main cause of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
What is Gastritis
Gastritis indicates inflammation associated with mucosal injury of the stomach
What is the most common cause of gastritis
H pylori
What are the 2 types of gastric cancer
Intestinal
Diffuse
Define the difference between the 2 types of gastric cancers.
type 1
Intestinal metaplasia is seen in the surrounding mucosa, often with H. pylori. This type is more likely to involve the distal stomach and occur in patients with atrophic gastritis.
Type 2
It may involve any part of the stomach, especially the cardia, and has a worse prognosis than intestinal type. Loss of expression of the cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, is the key event in the carcinogenesis of diffuse gastric cancers.
What are the 2 forms IBD
Crohns Disease
UC
