urinary system Flashcards
function
regulating blood volume and pressure, ph, electrolytes, removing organic waste, homeostasis
blood supply
renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, venules, renal vein
parts of nephron
Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tube, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
filtrate
water, ions, urea, glucose, etc all forces into Bowman’s capsule by blood pressure
nephron function
reabsorb useful organic molecules from the filtrate - water, salt, etc
urea
safe way to transport nitrogenous wastes in the body
creatine
organic waste created by muscle contraction
glomerular filtration rate
125 ml/min - 99% is reabsorbed
antidiuretic hormone
collecting duct reabsorb as much water as possible and triggers thirst
aldosterone
collecting duct absorbs as much salt as possible - maintains blood pressure
ureters
connect kidneys and bladder - can close at bladder preventing backflow - uses peristalsis
kidney stones
made of Ca deposits, Mg salts, and uric acid crystals
bladder
a full bladder holds 1 L - attached to pelvis
internal urethral sphincter
involuntary
external urethral sphincter
voluntary
micturition reflex
gotta go feeling from full bladder
incontinence reflex
loss of control - babies, trauma, childbirth, old age, etc
UTI
caused by bacteria or yeast - blood and bacteria in urine
renal failure
kidney function can’t maintain homeostasis - acute: happens quickly - chronic: gradual deterioration
age and kidneys
lose 30-40% of nephrons age 25-85 , reduction of GFR and sensitivity to hormones , problems with micturition reflex
afferent arteriole
into glomerulus
efferent arteriole
out of glomerulus
