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anatomy > o chem > Flashcards

o chem Flashcards

1
Q

percentages of key elements in body

A

oxygen: 65%
carbon: 18.6%
hydrogen: 9.7%
nitrogen: 3.2%

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2
Q

ionic bond

A

transfer electron (weak)

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3
Q

covalent bond

A

sharing electrons (strong)

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4
Q

enzymes

A

catalysts - speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

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5
Q

endergonic

A

more energy is required to start the reaction than is released (energy absorbed)

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6
Q

exergonic

A

amount of E released is greater than activation energy (E released)

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7
Q

solution

A

uniform mixture of solvent and solute

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8
Q

acid

A

releases H+ in solution

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9
Q

base

A

removes H+ from solution

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10
Q

buffer

A

neutralizes small amounts of acids and bases

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11
Q

electrolytes

A

Inorganic compounds whose ions can conduct electricity

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12
Q

4 organic macromolecules

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA

all are hydrocarbons

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13
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaks macromolecules (adds water)

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14
Q

dehydration

A

creates macromolecules and water (removes water)

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15
Q

organic compounds have

A

C backbones and are different based on what is on those backbones

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16
Q

carbohydrates

A

all kinds of sugars, simple or complex. used to make energy to fuel chemical reactions

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17
Q

ratio of elements in a carbohydrates

A

C H O 1:2:1

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18
Q

monosaccharide

A

monomer of carbohydrates

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19
Q

monosaccharide examples

A

glucose, galactose (6 sided ring)

ribose, deoxyribose, fructose (5 sided ring)

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20
Q

disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides stuck together

example: sucrose, maltose, lactose

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21
Q

polysaccharides

A

composed of hundreds of monosaccharides molecules

22
Q

complex carbs

A

used to store unused energy

animals: glycogen
plants: starch

23
Q

lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes

contain twice the E of carbs

24
Q

fatty acid

A

monomer of lipid

25
Q

saturated fat

A

saturated fat-carbon backbone has no double bonds (full of H = easily stacked)

26
Q

unsaturated fat

A

some H atoms are missing and there are double bonds instead (difficult to stack)

27
Q

polyunsaturated

A

fatty acid with many double bonds - healthiest

28
Q

trans fat

A

fat with double bonds where H is on either side of the bond - behave like saturated fats

29
Q

triglycerides

A

form of fat that gets transported through the body for storage -can come from food or be made by body

30
Q

cholesterol

A

type of fat that is a steroid

can harden arteries if there too much

31
Q

good kind of cholesterol vs bad kind

A

bad: LDL
good: HDL

32
Q

steroids

A

identifiable by 4 rings

cholesterol to progesterone to testosterone to estrogen

33
Q

anabolic steroids

A

to build up

synthesizes testosterones used to build up muscles

34
Q

phospholipid

A

used to make up the phospholipid bilayer or the cell membrane

35
Q

amino acids

A

most abundant organic compound - 20 kinds of them
building blocks
tons of functions
CHON with some SPFe

36
Q

peptide bonds

A

hold amino acids together

37
Q

polypeptide

A

short chain of amino acid

38
Q

proteins

A

many polypeptides put together

39
Q

important polypeptides

A

collagen, keratin, hemoglobin, immunoglobulin, enzyme

40
Q

collagen

A

tendons, ligaments, cartilage - structural proteins

41
Q

keratin

A

hair, nails, skin - structural protein

42
Q

hemoglobin

A

allows blood to carry O2 - transport protein

43
Q

immunoglobulin

A

antibodies - defensive proteins

44
Q

native

A

natural 3-D folding has occurred

45
Q

denatured

A

a protein that has usually lost its 3-D shape which usually kills or changes its function

46
Q

nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

47
Q

nitrogenous bases

A

cytosine =_ guanine

adenine = thymine

48
Q

nucleotide

A

deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous base

building block of

49
Q

DNA

A

instructions

50
Q

RNA

A

assembles the proteins (many forms of RNA )

51
Q

cellular respiration

A

taking energy from carbs / fats and turning them into usable energy for chemical reactions - takes place in mitochondria

52
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

molecule with stored energy between phosphates

anatomy (19 decks)

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