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anatomy > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

neuron

A

functioning unit of nervous system - those found in brain/spinal chord can’t divide

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2
Q

dendrite

A

receive messages (diagram term)

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3
Q

cell body

A

contains organelles (diagram term)

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4
Q

nissl bodies

A

clusters of rough er and free ribosomes (gray)

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5
Q

axon

A

continues messages to axon/synaptic terminals

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6
Q

myelin

A

insulating sheath around an axon consisting of multiple layers of glial plasma membrane; makes message send faster

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7
Q

Schwann cells

A

glial cell of the PNS that cover axons and make myelin

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8
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

small gaps between adjacent cell bodies where message jumps along axon

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9
Q

oligondendrocytes

A

glial cell that myelinates axons in CNS

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10
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

progressive destruction of myelin sheaths
lots of inflammation
damage/scarring of nervous tissue
gradual loss of motor control and sensation
can affect brain/SC (produces plaques)
loss of coordination, problems with vision/speech

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11
Q

sensory/afferent neurons

A

can pick up information on the external or internal environments (diagram term)

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12
Q

motor/efferent neurons

A

cause of movement of smooth, skeletal, or cardiac muscle (diagram term)

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13
Q

inter neurons

A

only in brain/sc, link nerves in reflex arch, may playa role in memory (diagram term)

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14
Q

gray matter

A

neuron cell bodies, located in ganglia (diagram term)

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15
Q

white matter

A

neuron axons, bundled together as nerve (diagram term)

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16
Q

neuroglia

A

aka glial cells, support neurons by regulations environment and destroying pathogens. several types exist

17
Q

action potential

A

actual message being sent through a neuron

18
Q

resting potential

A

+ charge outside axon (Na+)
- charge inside axon (K+)
polarized

19
Q

depolarization

A

stimulus triggers an action potential, Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes in: charges switch, hence depolarization

20
Q

repolarization

A

K+ ion channels open and repolarization occurs restoring the original charges ( - on inside and + on outside) but the ions are switched

21
Q

refractory period

A

reestablishing the correct ion position with the Na+/K+ pump (ATP needed)
no messages can be sent at this time

22
Q

axon terminal

A

action potential may jump at the synapse or use a neurotransmitter to inhibit or activate the next neuron
Na+ excites next neuron
K+ inhibits next neuron

23
Q

endorphins

A

mood elevators, natural pain killers

24
Q

norepinephrine

A

excitatory, alert, energy

25
Q

dopamine

A

pleasure, appetite control, focused

26
Q

phenylethylamine

A

bliss

27
Q

serotonin

A

anger, aggression, mood, metabolism

28
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal chords

29
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

everything else

30
Q

somatic nervous system

A

division of PNS - moves skeletal muscles

31
Q

automatic nervous system

A

division of PNS - moves smooth/cardiac muscles and affects fat and glands

32
Q

brain contains how much neural tissue?

A

98%

33
Q

gyrus

A

brain bump

34
Q

sulcus

A

brain depression

35
Q

fissure

A

major brain depression

36
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides cerebrum into left and right cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

meninges

A

3 layers that surround brain and spinal chord

38
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

supports brain / spinal cord; transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products

39
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation or infection of the meninges, usually caused by bacteria or virus; symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia or vomiting. bacterial has high mortality rate if not treated

anatomy (19 decks)

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