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anatomy > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

1
Q

ingestion

A

to put food into your body

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2
Q

mechanical processing

A

chewing, manipulate with tongue, peristalsis

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3
Q

digestion

A

break food into building blocks

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4
Q

secretion

A

enzymes, acids, water, bases, mucous

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5
Q

absorption

A

moving of the building blocks, water, vitamins/minerals, into blood stream

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6
Q

excretion

A

getting rid of indigestible items

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7
Q

how does digestive system help immune system?

A

acid of stomach “melts” foreign bacteria

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8
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular waves found along entire digestive tract to keep it moving - longitudinal and circular muscles - (reverse peristalsis is puking)

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9
Q

oral cavity

A

teeth, tongue manipulate food into a bolus - salivary glands (sublingual, submandibular, and parotid) produce saliva which starts the breakdown of fats and carbs (salivary amylase)

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10
Q

2 sets of teeth

A

20 primary teeth and then 32 secondary teeth

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11
Q

types of teeth

A

incisors (8)
canines/cuspids (4)
premolars (8)
molar (12)

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12
Q

crown

A

part of tooth above gumline

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13
Q

root

A

part of tooth below gumline

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14
Q

enamel

A

covers the crown, hardest biological substance, resists decay

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15
Q

dentin

A

bulk of each tooth, similar to bone, no cells

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16
Q

pulp cavity

A

blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

root canal

A

where blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth

18
Q

periodontal ligament

A

holds tooth in place

19
Q

pharynx

A

common passageway for air, food, liquid. has receptors that initiate the swallowing reflex

20
Q

swallowing

A

started voluntarily and continued automatically (food=bolus)

21
Q

esophagus

A

10 inches long, lubricated by mucus, sphincters on both ends, peristalsis

22
Q

stomach

A

stores invested food - mechanical and chemical breakdown - when food leaves it is chyme - sphincters on each end (cardiac or lower esophageal and pyloric) - makes mucus to protect against acid - food triggers release of gastric juices

23
Q

chemical breakdown

A

gastric juices help to break down proteins, fats, and carbs. HCl (stomach acid) kills bacteria (has pH of 2)

24
Q

acid reflux

A

acid from stomach moves into esophagus because of weakening of cardiac sphincter - heart burn, indigestion

25
Q

helicobacter pylori

A

bacteria that causes ulcers by eating mucus

26
Q

small intestine

A

chemical digestion and absorption - duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

27
Q

duodenum

A

links with liver/gall bladder and pancreas - lots of chemical digestion takes place here

28
Q

liver

A

aids immune system and removes toxins - destroys old or damages blood cells - produces bile salts which emulsifies fat - regulates metabolism

29
Q

gall bladder

A

stores product of the liver

30
Q

pancreas

A

controls uptake of glucose (insulin and glucagon)

31
Q

diabetes

A

type 1: you don’t make enough insulin

type 2: a resistance to insulin has occurred

32
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

breaks down proteins, nucleus acids, and carbs. turns chime into pH of 8

33
Q

jejunum

A

last bit of digestion getting macromolecules into their single building blocks for absorption

34
Q

ileum

A

absorption - diffusion and active transport

35
Q

vitamins

A

ADEK are fat soluble and are stored in the fat, B complex, C water soluble - only absorb what is needed

36
Q

messenteric blood vessels

A

all nutrients leave the small intestines via these and enter liver for processing

37
Q

cecum

A

reabsorbs bile salts and sends them back to the liver

38
Q

colon functions

A

absorbs water, breakdown of toxin so

39
Q

insulin

A

allows glucose to be absorbed into the small intestines

40
Q

glucagon

A

releases glucose from stored glycogen

anatomy (19 decks)

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