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anatomy > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

skin system name

A

integumentary system. largest organ in body

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2
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

epidermis

A

superficial epithelium

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4
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

secondary structures

A

hair, nails, and variety of glands

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6
Q

hypodermis / subcutaneous

A

loose connective tissue below dermis

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7
Q

functions of the integument

A

protection, temp maintenance, synthesis and storage of nutrients, sensory reception, excretion (salt, water, and organic waste) and secretion (milk)

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8
Q

thick skin

A

(epidermis only) - palms and soles of feet, 5 layers (paper towel)

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9
Q

thin skin

A

(epidermis) - rest of body, 4 layers (lunch bag)

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10
Q

keratin

A

durable and water resistant / coats surface is skin / found in hair, calluses, nails / (in other animals, makes hooves, nails, horns)

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11
Q

layers of epidermis

A 
stratum corneum 
stratum lucidum
stratum grandulosum
stratum spinosum 
stratum germinativum/basale
basement membrane
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12
Q

stratum corneum

A

most superficial, 15-30 layers of flattened dead cells (deprived of O2 and nutrients), full of nutrients, 2-4 weeks to get here

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13
Q

stratum lucidum

A

clear, flattened and densely packed, full of keratin, living

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14
Q

stratum granulosum

A

these cells have stopped dividing and have started to produce keratin

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15
Q

stratum spinosum

A

these cells may continue cell division to add thickness to the epithelium

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16
Q

stratum basale

A

attached to basement membrane , contains stem cells that constantly divide , has ridge to increase surface area (no blood vessels in epidermis)

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17
Q

ridges in sb-

A

make fingerprints - unique to individual, genetically determined, only on palms and soles of feet

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18
Q

medicine through skin?

A

once drug gets through sc it’s easily absorbed

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19
Q

layers of dermis

A

papillary and reticular

hair follicles and sweat glands here too

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20
Q

papillary layer

A

loose CT, nerves and blood supply

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21
Q

reticular layer

A

dense and irregular CT with elastin and collagen fibers

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22
Q

hypodermis/subcutaneous layer

A

lots “O” fat , reduces heat loss, no vital organs

23
Q

hair

A

found on almost all external surfaces, dead

not sure if have to know: lose 50 a day, head has 500,000 hairs, grow .3 mm a day, each hair lasts 2-5 years

24
Q

hair follicles

A

where hair is produced

25
Q

curly vs straight

A

straight - even growth, round crossection

curly - uneven growth, flat cross section

26
Q

humidity and hair

A

when humid it absorbs water in air and becomes frizzy

dryness causes it to lose water and become brittle and break

27
Q

hair color

A

produced by melanocytes, hormonal and environmental factors take a role, lightens naturally with age, gray is no pigment with air bubbles

28
Q

hair papilla

A

provides nerves and blood supply

29
Q

hair root

A

anchors hair to skim

30
Q

hair shaft

A

part we see

31
Q

cuticle

A

outer layer of hair made of overlapping cells

32
Q

cortex

A

under cuticle

33
Q

medulla

A

core of hair

34
Q

arrector pili

A

muscle that makes hair stand on end and goose bumps

35
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil glands (holocrine), discharges oil or sebum onto hair which inhibits growth of bacteria and is natural conditioner

36
Q

zits

A

sebaceous gland gets plugged and sebum builds up, bacteria grows and inflammatory response,
whitehead is enclosed under layer of skin
blackhead makes it to surface and breaks

37
Q

sweat glands

A

apocrine - groin, pits, and head : odor / merocrine - palms, feet, and everywhere else : 99% water the rest is salt

38
Q

skin repair

A

1) bleeding
2) inflammatory response
3) scab
4) stratum basale migrates to base of wound
5) new cells grow, collagen is produced, scab is lifted

39
Q

aging and skin

A

lot of shit that mostly self explanatory

40
Q

skin color

A

blood supply and number or type of pigment cells

41
Q

carotene

A

yellow orange, carrots, gets converted to vit A used to maintain epithelial tissue

42
Q

melanocytes

A

contain pigment, found in stratum germinativum

43
Q

sun tan

A

sun increases melanocyte activity to protect deep layers and DNA from uv

44
Q

overexposure to sun

A

destroys connective tissue, premature wrinkles, sun burn, skin cancer

45
Q

sun poisoning

A

reaction of skin to uv rays, also called photodermatitis, swelling, burning, rash, peeling

46
Q

xeroderma pigmentosum

A

genetic disorder - extreme sensitivity to uv rays - can’t go outside in daylight without special protection, skin and eyes can be severely damaged leading to cancer

47
Q

freckles

A

small pigmented spots of extra melanin on pale face

48
Q

birth marks

A

formed before brith, unknown origin

49
Q

albinism

A

melanocytes exist but they don’t produce melanin

50
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

stratum germinativum- non life threatening

51
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

stratum corneum - non life threatening

52
Q

melanoma

A

melanocytes - extremely dangerous, often appear as moles

53
Q

circulation and color

A

oxygenated blood - bright red
deoxygenated blood - maroon

embarrassed - blood vessels dialate
scared - vessels constrict

54
Q

cyanosis

A

low O2 - dark red color - appears blue

anatomy (19 decks)

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