respiratory system

Question 1

cellular respiration chemical reaction

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➡️ 6CO2 + 6 H2O and ATP

Question 2

functions of respiratory system

Answer 2

large surface area of gas exchange
moving air in/out of lungs
keeping lungs moist, warm, and free of debris/pathogens
speech
sense of smell

Question 3

why does nose run?

Answer 3

condensation, defense against pathogens and dust, allergies

Question 4

pharynx

Answer 4

common passageway for food and air

Question 5

larynx

Answer 5

contains voice box, epiglottis, thyroid
protected by cartilage
creates protrusion called Adam’s apple

Question 6

trachea

Answer 6

protected and held open by C shaped cartilage rings

flexible to allow masses of food to go through esophagus

Question 7

bronchi

Answer 7

branches into left and right primary bronchi
ciliates with C shaped cartilage rings
bronchi are further divided into secondary and tertiary (~1 mm in diameter)

Question 8

most blockages show up in which lung?

Answer 8

right because right primary bronchi has steeper angle

Question 9

bronchiole

Answer 9

size regulates air pressure

capable of stimulating ANS and causing bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

Question 10

asthma

Answer 10

bronchioles constrict so much that airflow is almost completely blocked
can be caused by allergies, cold air, exertion, or stress.
symptoms: wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightening
Tx: bronchodilators

Question 11

alveoli

Answer 11

about 150 mil alveoli per lung
give lungs spungy appearance
only place that gas exchange can take place
capillary network wraps around them

Question 12

gas exchange

Answer 12

takes place by simple diffusion

diffusion: movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 13

tissue in lungs

Answer 13

simple squamous

Question 14

alveolar macrophages

Answer 14

WBC that gobble up dust and debris

Question 15

surfactant

Answer 15

holds alveoli open and lowers surface tension

Question 16

pneumonia

Answer 16

inflammation of the alveolar clusters
usually caused by normal flora bacteria from mouth and throat
bronchioles constrict
fluids leak into alveoli

Question 17

lungs

Answer 17

right side - 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
left - 2 lobes (superior and inferior)
each side has its own pleural cavity filled with fluid for lubrication

Question 18

pneumothorax

Answer 18

when air gets into the pleural cavity due to injury
collapses lung
air needs to be removed and wound sealed off

Question 18

hemothorax

Answer 18

blood fills pleural cavity
collapses lung
blood needs to be drained and wound sealed

Question 19

smoking

Answer 19

3 most dangerous substances are: tar, nicotine, and CO
tar damages lung tissue
nicotine and CO damages the heart and BV

Question 20

a few puffs of smoke

Answer 20

paralyzed macrophages, paralyzed cilia, extra mucous/tar clogs alveoli

Question 21

regular smoking

Answer 21

kills: cilia, alveoli, macrophages(causes infections)

Question 22

lifetime smokers

Answer 22

emphysema: so many alveoli are dead it is hard to support like life
cancers

Question 23

inspiration

Answer 23

diaphragm contracts, rectus abdominus relaxes, ribs/sternum are elevated and lungs expand

Question 24

expiration

Answer 24

diaphragm relaxes, rectus abdominus contracts, ribs/sternum return to normal, and lungs deflate

Question 25

tidal volume

Answer 25

amount of air you move with normal breathing

Question 26

residual volume

Answer 26

the air that is always in your lungs - about 1.5 liters

Question 27

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 27

the amount of air that you can inhale beyond the normal tidal volume

Question 28

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

the amount of air you can forcefully exhale beyond the tidal volume

Question 29

vital capacity

Answer 29

the maximum amount of air that can be moved in and out of the respiratory system