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anatomy > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

functions of blood

A

transport, regulate ph, clotting at wounds, defense against pathogens and toxins, regulate body temp

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2
Q

plasma

A

55% of blood - fluid connective tissue matrix

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3
Q

formed elements

A

solids: cells/cell fragments suspended in plasma - 45% of blood

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4
Q

amount of blood a person has

A

adult male: 5-6 liters

adult female: 4-5 liters

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5
Q

venipuncture

A

blood collection from thin walled superficial veins - low BP, blood appears dark red

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6
Q

arterial puncture

A

blood removed from artery - evaluate gas exchange

pulse oximetry can get same info

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7
Q

average pulse at rest

A

70-80 bpm

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8
Q

plasma composition

A

92% water, lots of dissolved proteins (liver) 1. albumins 2. globulins 3. fibrinogens

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9
Q

albumins

A

osmotic balance

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10
Q

globulins

A

antibodies

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11
Q

fibrinogen

A

blood clotting

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12
Q

formed elements composition

A

erythrocytes - transport gases
leukocytes - fight pathogens
platelets - clot blood

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13
Q

hemopoiesis

A

erythropoiesis/leukopoiesis

  • blood created by yolk sac of developing fetus
  • liver and spleen make blood months 2-5
  • 5+ months red bone marrow
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14
Q

erythropoietin

A

EPO - this and other hormones stimulate the process of hemopoiesis

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15
Q

erythrocytes

A

lose nucleus during development

1 microliter of blood contains: 5.4 mil RBC’s in average male and 4.5 mil in female

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16
Q

hematocrit

A

percent of whole blood that is cellular elements (normal: 37-54%)
male avg- 46%, female avg - 42%

17
Q

hemoglobin

A

RBC - carry O2 and CO2
interacts with gases and gives blood its color (Fe)
is recycled when RBC dies after 120 day life span

18
Q

hemolysis

A

RBC’s die after 120 day life span

19
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

cause by mutation in gene that creates hemoglobin - in low O2 situations the cell changes shape - doesn’t affect its ability to carry O2 - makes blood cells fragile and less likely to through a capillary (stuck)

20
Q

universal donor

A

O-

21
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

22
Q

agglutination reaction

A

when antibody attaches to antigen it opposes a clump forms

23
Q

genetics of blood types

A

A and B at co dominant and dominant over O

Rh is dominant

24
Q

Rh incompatibility danger in newborn

A

if mom is negative and baby is positive, baby’s Rh antigens enter mom during birth and mom makes antibodies against Rh. if later baby is Rh+, moms antibodies attack and destroy its RBC’s

25
Q

treatments for the Rh baby thing

A

mom can be given meds that stop her making antibodies and later babies can be given complete blood transfusion

26
Q

leukocytes

A

larger, fewer, 5 types
1 microliter of blood contains 6000-9000 WBCs
many operate outside of blood steam in lymphatic and connective tissue
amoeboid movement
phagocytosis

27
Q

neutrophil

A

type of WBC - phagocyte (most common)

28
Q

eosinophil

A

type of WBC - parasites, allergies

29
Q

basophil

A

rarest type of WBC - inflammatory response

30
Q

monocyte

A

type of WBC - phagocytes, healing

31
Q

lymphocytes

A

type of WBC- protect, make antibodies

32
Q

CBC

A

compete blood count - examines RBCs in different stages of development and hemoglobin content

33
Q

differential count

A

number of each type of WBC in a sample (very high counts signify infection or leukemia)

34
Q

platelets

A

formed from large megakaryocytes which fragment into packets of cytoplasm
initiate clotting process
help close injured blood vessels
normal is 150,000-500,000 per microliter of blood

35
Q

hemostasis (clotting)

A

vascular phase
platelet phase
coagulation phase

36
Q

stopping the loss of blood

A

complex series of events involving

  1. spasms of injured blood vessel
  2. attachment of platelets to form plug
  3. coagulation which converts circulating fibrinogen protein to insoluble fibrin threads (using a cascade of clotting factors)
37
Q

problems in hemostasis

A

too little = hemophilia

too much = thrombus (stationary clot) or embolus (moving clot)

anatomy (19 decks)

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