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anatomy > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

2 divisions of the vascular system

A 
pulmonary circuit (to lungs)
systemic circuit (to body)
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2
Q

arteries

A

efferent vessels - go away from the heart

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3
Q

veins

A

afferent vessels - go towards the heart

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4
Q

capillaries

A

small vessels for gas exchange

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5
Q

how is left and right side divided

A

interventricular and interarterial septum

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6
Q

heart sounds?

A

valves closing

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7
Q

left atrium

A

receives blood from lungs

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8
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps blood to body

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9
Q

right atrium

A

receives blood from body

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10
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps blood to body

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11
Q

apex

A

bottom/tip - touches diaphragm

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12
Q

base

A

top - at level do rib number 2

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13
Q

pericardium

A

outer covering

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14
Q

coronary arteries

A

oxygenate the heart muscle

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15
Q

epicardium

A

innermost layer of pericardium

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16
Q

myocardium

A

muscle wall

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17
Q

endocardium

A

hearts inner surface and valves

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18
Q

right atrioventricular valve

A

tricuspid - right atrium to right ventricle

19
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

bicuspid or mitral - left atrium to left ventricle

20
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

right ventricle to pulmonary artery

21
Q

aortic semilunar valve

A

left ventricle to aorta

22
Q

valve function

A

chordae tendineae attach valves to papillary muscles
force of contraction pushes blood through the valves
CT/PM together prevent backflow into the atria

23
Q

systole

A

ventricles are contracted

24
Q

diastole

A

when the ventricles are relaxed

25
Q

aorta

A

O2 - leaves left ventricle and goes to body (arches)

26
Q

inferior/superior vena cava

A

no O2 - brings blood back to right atrium

27
Q

pulmonary artery

A

no O2 - sends blood from right ventricle to lungs (trunk, left and right branches)

28
Q

pulmonary veins

A

O2 - brings blood from lungs to the left atrium

29
Q

electrical impulses and heart contraction

A
  1. SA mode fires causing right then left atrium to contract
  2. impulse hits AV node
  3. AV node sends impulse down bundle of His in interventricular sputum
  4. bundle of His branches into Perkinje fibers and goes to left and right ventricles
  5. right and then left ventricles contract
30
Q

EKG or ECG

A

electrocardiogram - detects electricity of the heart with leads - see if heart is beating properly or if there are arrhythmias

31
Q

P

A

impulse spreads across the atria and they contract

32
Q

QRS complex

A

impulse spreads to ventricles triggering contraction (big spike because the ventricles are large)

33
Q

T

A

ventricles return to resting state

34
Q

cardiac cycle

A

from the start of one heart beat to the start of the next - both periods of contraction and one of relaxations

35
Q

normal “sinus” rhythm

A

70-80 bpm

36
Q

bradycardia

A

less than normal - <60 bpm

37
Q

tachycardia

A

higher than normal - >100 bpm

38
Q

heart block

A

damage to conduction paths disrupts normal rhythm

39
Q

fibrillation

A

uncoordinated contraction that prevents normal function

40
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain resulting from temporary loss of blood due to exertion or stress

41
Q

cardiac output

A

CO - amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute - ave: 5 liters/minute

42
Q

calculating CO

A

stroke volume x heart rate
heart rate ave (beats/min): 75
stroke volume ave (ml/beat): 70
cardiac output (ml/min): 5250

43
Q

how long for blood to pass through body once

A

1 min

44
Q

Starlings Law

A

stroke volume determines force of heartbeat - during exercise more blood enters the ventricles causing them to stretch which in turn causes a harder contraction forcing more blood out - more in = more out

anatomy (19 decks)

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