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A&P 400 > Urinary system 2.1 > Flashcards

Urinary system 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Most abundant organic waste
  • by-product of amino acid breakdown
A

Urea

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2
Q

By-product of creatine phosphate breakdown in muscles

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

Formed during recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA

A

Uric acid

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4
Q
  1. filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
A

Three processes of urine formation

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5
Q

blood hydrostatic pressure forces
water and solutes across the membranes of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space

A

Filtration

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6
Q

Filtration only occurs where

A

Glomerulus

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7
Q

Resulting fluid entering capsular space after filtration

A

glomerular filtrate

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8
Q

Filtration occurs through

A

filtration membrane

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9
Q

Blood cells and proteins too big to cross

A

Fenestrations of glomerular endothelial cells

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10
Q

Large negatively charged ions do not fit

A

Basement membrane

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11
Q

Water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, plasma proteins, ammonia, urea and ions fit through

A

Filtration slits

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12
Q
  1. Fenestrated epithelial cells
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Filtration slit
A

Filtration membrane layers

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13
Q

= 55 mmhg
* blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
* pro filtration

A

Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

= 15 mmhg
* Anti filtration
* Hydrostatic pressure pushing against filtration membrane by fluid in capsular space

A

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

= 30mmhg
* Osmotic pressure of large proteins pulling water into capillaries
* Anti filtrataion

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

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16
Q

Dictates how much will move in which direction

A

Net filtration pressure

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17
Q

(GBHP) - (CHP) - (BCOP) =

A

Net Filtration pressure (NFP)

18
Q

Filtration stops if GBHP drops below

A

44mmhg

19
Q

Volume of plasma that moves through kidneys per unit time

A

Renal plasma flow

20
Q

Fraction of renal plasma flow that becomes glomerular filtrate

A

Filtration fraction

21
Q

Amount of filtrate formed per minute in all renal corpuscles in both kidneys

A

Glomerular filtration rate

22
Q

Needed substances pass quickly through renal tubules and are lost in urine

A

GFR too high

23
Q

Metabolic wastes will not get filtered from blood into renal tubules

A

GFR too low

24
Q
  1. Renal autoregulation
  2. Neural regulation
  3. Hormonal regulation
A

3 mechanisms to maintain consisten GFR

25
Q
  • Lie b/w adjacent glomerular capillaries
  • control capillary diameter and rate of flow
A

Mesengial cells

26
Q
  • Specialized structure where distal convoluted tubule meets afferent arteriole
  • Regulate BP and filtration rate in glomerulus
A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

27
Q
  1. myogenic mechanism
  2. Tubuloglomerular feedback
A

Renal autoregulation types

28
Q

Stretch receptors in afferent arterioles respond to increased of decreased BP

A

Myogenic mechanism

29
Q

Smooth muscle of afferent arteriole constricts or dilates to increase/decrease GFR

A

Myogenic mechanism

30
Q
  • Uses juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • When BP increased GFR increase
  • When BP decrease GFR decrease
A

Tubuglomerular feedback

31
Q

Myogenic mechanism and tubularglomerular feedback. Which one faster?

A

Myogenic mechanisms

32
Q

At rest, not much ANS stimulation so which mechanism for glormerular filtration prevails

A

Renal autoregulation

33
Q

During fight or flight, ANS causes decrease in GFR, this is part of which mechanism

A

Neural regulation

34
Q

If blood pressure low sympathetic nervous system activated. Part of which mechanism

A

Neural regulation

35
Q
  • part of RAA system
  • Increased in response to renin
A

Angiotensin II

36
Q

Secreted by heart cells when blood in atria stretch walls

A

ANP (Atrial Natriuetic peptide)

37
Q

Angiotensin II and Atrial Natriutic peptide are part of which mechanism

A

Hormonal regulation

38
Q

Movement of solutes and water from renal tubules into blood

A

Reabsorption

39
Q

Reabsorption dominates and most reabsorption occurs here

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

40
Q

Lots of reabsorption, very little to no secretion

A

Nephron loop

41
Q
  • 15% of filtered H2O
  • in descending limb only
  • ascending limb impermeable to water
A

Nephron loop

42
Q
  • Fluid travelling very slowly, as 80% water reabsorbed
  • PTH acts here to reabsorb ca2+
A

Early distal convoluted tubule

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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