Reproductive 3 female Flashcards
Changes in endometrium in preparation of fertilized ovum
Uterine (menstrual cycle)
- Events that occur during & after oocyte maturation
- Focused on the changes in the follicle
Ovarian Cycle
Ovarian and Uterine cycle controlled by
Cyclical changes in hormones
Ovarian and uterine cycles are all coordinated by
GnRH from the hypothalamus
Regulation of Ovarian and uterine cycle
- From hypothalamus
- Causes prod. and secretion of FSH
- Causes prod. (not secretion) of LH
release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Regulation of the Ovarian (and Uterine) Cycle
Begins when FSH stimulates some follicles to
become tertiary follicles
Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
As follicles develop, FSH levels
Decline
Massive surge of LH during which phase?
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Ovulation
pain from follicular swelling, ovarian wall rupture, small amount of blood
leaking into pelvic cavity surrounding ovulation
Mittelschmerz
GnRH and elevated estrogen levels stimulate LH
secretion
Ovulation
Luteal Phase begins when?
After ovulation
- Corpus luteum secretes progesterone
- Progesterone levels increase, and estrogen levels fall
Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Review of Hormones
Secreted from anterior pituitary gland in response to GNRH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Review of Hormones
- initiates follicle growth
- stimulates ovarian follicles to release estrogens and inhibin
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Review of Hormones
Secreted from anterior pituitary. Production by GNRH, secreted by estrogen and GNRH
Luteinizing Hormone
Review of Hormones
- Triggers ovulation
- Promotes formation of corpus luteum
- Stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen, progesterone, relaxin/inhibin
Luteinizing Hormone
Review of Hormones
- Made from cholesterol
- Triggers release of LH
Estrogen
Review of Hormones
- Made from cholesterol
- From corpus luteum
- Prepares endometrium for implantation and mammary glands for milk secretion
Progesterone
Review of Hormones
- From granulosa cells then corpus luteum
- Inhibits FSH & LH secretion
Inhibin
Review of Hormones
- From corpus luteum and stimulated by LH
- Relaxes myometrium and relaxes pubic symphysis and dilates cervix during pregnancy
Relaxin
- Menstruation
- Proliferative phase
- Secretory phase
3 phases of the uterine cycle
Uterine Cycle
- day 1-7
- Decrease in prog. and estrogen cause stratum functionalis to fall off
Menstruation
Uterine Cycle
- ~day 7-14
- Estrogen builds new endometrium
- Stratum basalis undergoes mitosis to produce stratum functionalis
- Secondary follicles begin secreting estrogen
Proliferative phase
Uterine Cycle
- ~day 15-28
- Endometrial glands grow
- Uterus is ready for fertilized ovum to arrive
- If no fertilization corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen/progesterone prod. declines
Secretory phase
Uterine Cycle
- LH promotes formation of corpus luteum
- If pregnancy doesn’t occur, turns into corpus albicans
Secretory phase in ovaries
Pregnancy
Rapid divison of cells ending with a blastocyst
Cleavage
Pregnancy
- Starts around day 7
- Attachment of blastocyst to uterine endometrium
- Trophoblast cells invade and become syncytiotrophoblasts
Implantation
Pregnancy
Around day 9, what forms with amniotic fluid to protect embryo
Amniotic cavity
Pregnancy
Around day 10, impantation finishes and what forms?
Yolk sac
- Develop when two separate oocytes are ovulated and fertilized
- Account for 70 percent
Dizygotic twins
fraternal twins
- Result from separation of blastomeres early in cleavage
- Also if inner cell mass splits before gastrulation
Monozygotic twins
Identical twins
