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A&P 400 > Reproductive 3 female > Flashcards

Reproductive 3 female Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in endometrium in preparation of fertilized ovum

A

Uterine (menstrual cycle)

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2
Q
  • Events that occur during & after oocyte maturation
  • Focused on the changes in the follicle
A

Ovarian Cycle

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3
Q

Ovarian and Uterine cycle controlled by

A

Cyclical changes in hormones

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4
Q

Ovarian and uterine cycles are all coordinated by

A

GnRH from the hypothalamus

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5
Q

Regulation of Ovarian and uterine cycle

  1. From hypothalamus
  2. Causes prod. and secretion of FSH
  3. Causes prod. (not secretion) of LH
A

release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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6
Q

Regulation of the Ovarian (and Uterine) Cycle

Begins when FSH stimulates some follicles to
become tertiary follicles

A

Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

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7
Q

Follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

As follicles develop, FSH levels

A

Decline

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8
Q

Massive surge of LH during which phase?

A

Follicular phase
Ovulation

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9
Q

Ovulation

pain from follicular swelling, ovarian wall rupture, small amount of blood
leaking into pelvic cavity surrounding ovulation

A

Mittelschmerz

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10
Q

GnRH and elevated estrogen levels stimulate LH
secretion

A

Ovulation

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11
Q

Luteal Phase begins when?

A

After ovulation

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12
Q
  • Corpus luteum secretes progesterone
  • Progesterone levels increase, and estrogen levels fall
A

Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

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13
Q

Review of Hormones

Secreted from anterior pituitary gland in response to GNRH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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14
Q

Review of Hormones

  • initiates follicle growth
  • stimulates ovarian follicles to release estrogens and inhibin
A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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15
Q

Review of Hormones

Secreted from anterior pituitary. Production by GNRH, secreted by estrogen and GNRH

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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16
Q

Review of Hormones

  • Triggers ovulation
  • Promotes formation of corpus luteum
  • Stimulates corpus luteum to produce estrogen, progesterone, relaxin/inhibin
A

Luteinizing Hormone

17
Q

Review of Hormones

  • Made from cholesterol
  • Triggers release of LH
A

Estrogen

18
Q

Review of Hormones

  • Made from cholesterol
  • From corpus luteum
  • Prepares endometrium for implantation and mammary glands for milk secretion
A

Progesterone

19
Q

Review of Hormones

  • From granulosa cells then corpus luteum
  • Inhibits FSH & LH secretion
A

Inhibin

20
Q

Review of Hormones

  • From corpus luteum and stimulated by LH
  • Relaxes myometrium and relaxes pubic symphysis and dilates cervix during pregnancy
A

Relaxin

21
Q
  1. Menstruation
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
A

3 phases of the uterine cycle

22
Q

Uterine Cycle

  • day 1-7
  • Decrease in prog. and estrogen cause stratum functionalis to fall off
A

Menstruation

23
Q

Uterine Cycle

  • ~day 7-14
  • Estrogen builds new endometrium
  • Stratum basalis undergoes mitosis to produce stratum functionalis
  • Secondary follicles begin secreting estrogen
A

Proliferative phase

24
Q

Uterine Cycle

  • ~day 15-28
  • Endometrial glands grow
  • Uterus is ready for fertilized ovum to arrive
  • If no fertilization corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen/progesterone prod. declines
A

Secretory phase

25
Q

Uterine Cycle

  • LH promotes formation of corpus luteum
  • If pregnancy doesn’t occur, turns into corpus albicans
A

Secretory phase in ovaries

26
Q

Pregnancy

Rapid divison of cells ending with a blastocyst

A

Cleavage

27
Q

Pregnancy

  • Starts around day 7
  • Attachment of blastocyst to uterine endometrium
  • Trophoblast cells invade and become syncytiotrophoblasts
A

Implantation

28
Q

Pregnancy

Around day 9, what forms with amniotic fluid to protect embryo

A

Amniotic cavity

29
Q

Pregnancy

Around day 10, impantation finishes and what forms?

A

Yolk sac

30
Q
  • Develop when two separate oocytes are ovulated and fertilized
  • Account for 70 percent
A

Dizygotic twins

fraternal twins

31
Q
  • Result from separation of blastomeres early in cleavage
  • Also if inner cell mass splits before gastrulation
A

Monozygotic twins
Identical twins

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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