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A&P 400 > Urinary system 1 > Flashcards

Urinary system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the urinary system

A
  1. Two kidneys
  2. Urinary tract
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2
Q

How much % of CO do kidneys receive

A

25%

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3
Q

3 portions of the urinary tract?

A
  1. Ureters
  2. Bladder
  3. Urethra
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4
Q

8 Functions of the urinary system

A
  1. regulate blood ions
  2. regulate blood ph
  3. regulate blood volume
  4. regulate blood pressure
  5. regulate blood glucose
  6. maintain blood osmolarity
  7. produce hormones
  8. excrete waste
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5
Q

What connects the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureters

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6
Q

Why is left kidney slightly higher than right

A

Liver

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers covering the kidney?

Deep to superficial

A
  1. Renal (fibrous) capsule
  2. Perirenal fat
  3. Renal fascia
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8
Q

What is the hilum

A

medial indentation serving as point of entry for ureter, nerves, veins, artery, etc…

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9
Q

What is the renal sinus

A

Internal cavity filled with fat for protection

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10
Q

Two regions of the kidney

Internal anatomy

A
  1. Renal cortex (outer)
  2. Renal Medulla (inner)
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11
Q

Renal cortex information

A
  1. Lighter red
  2. Contains renal corpuscles, where blood is filtered/urine formed
  3. Contains renal columns extending into medulla
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12
Q

Renal medulla information

A
  1. Darker color
  2. Contains renal pyramids, which are separated by renal columns
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13
Q

What is contained within each kidney/renal lobe?

A
  1. renal pyramid, overlying cortex, adjacent renal columns
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14
Q

How many lobes are in each kidney

A

6-18

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15
Q

Minor calyx does what?

A

Collects urine from single kidney lobe

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16
Q

Major calyx does?

A

Fusion of 4-5 minor calyxes

17
Q

What does the renal pelvis do?

A

Collect urine from major calyx and send to ureter

18
Q

What are nephrons?

A

Functional unit of kidney that remove waste and excess substance from blood

19
Q

What are the components of nephrons

A
  1. renal corpusle
  2. Renal tubule
20
Q

Renal corpuscle is made up of?

A
  1. glomerular capsule
  2. Filtration membrane
21
Q

What occurs at the renal corpuscle

A

Process called filtration that is collected in the capsular space

22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the renal tubule

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Nephron loop
  3. Distal convoluted tubule
23
Q

What occurs in the renal tubule?

A

received filtrate and modifies it to create urine

24
Q

What is the collecting system composed of?

A
  1. Collecting duct
  2. Papillary duct
25
Q

What occurs in collecting duct

A

Collects fluid from nephrons

26
Q

What occurs in the papillary duct

A

Collects fluid from ducts and brings to minor calyx

27
Q

What is the pathway of urine through the nephrons

A
  1. Glomerular capsules
  2. proximal convoluted tubule
  3. descending limb of the nephron loop
  4. Ascending limb of nephron loop
  5. Distal convoluted tubule
28
Q

Overall pathway of urine

A
  1. Nephrons
  2. Collecting ducts
  3. papillary ducts
  4. minor calyces
  5. major calyces
  6. renal pelvis
  7. ureter
  8. bladder
  9. urethra
29
Q

What are Cortical nephrons

A

85% and located in the cortex. Does most regulatory functions.

30
Q

What does the Juxtamedullary nephrons do?

A

15% of nephrons, has long nephron loop extending to medulla

31
Q

Kidneys receive blood from which artery?

A

Renal arteries

32
Q

Artery pathway

A

Renal artery – segmental arteries – interlobar arteries – arcuate arteries – cortical radiate arteries – afferent arterioles – glomerulus

33
Q

Venous system. Glomerulus drains into?

A

Efferent arteriole

34
Q

Blood flow around the cortical nephrons

A

Peritubular capillaries

35
Q

Blood flow around juxtamedullary nephrons

A

In Vasa recta

36
Q

Kidney venous system

A

Efferent arterioles, capillaries (peritubular or vasa recta), cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein, inferior vena cava

37
Q

Kidney nerves

A

Innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS.
1. Sympathetic most important to vasoconstrict/vasodilate renal arteries

A&P 400 (9 decks)

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