Urinary system 1

Question 1

Components of the urinary system

Answer 1

1. Two kidneys
2. Urinary tract

Question 2

How much % of CO do kidneys receive

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

3 portions of the urinary tract?

Answer 3

1. Ureters
2. Bladder
3. Urethra

Question 4

8 Functions of the urinary system

Answer 4

1. regulate blood ions
2. regulate blood ph
3. regulate blood volume
4. regulate blood pressure
5. regulate blood glucose
6. maintain blood osmolarity
7. produce hormones
8. excrete waste

Question 5

What connects the kidneys to the bladder?

Answer 5

Ureters

Question 6

Why is left kidney slightly higher than right

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

What are the 3 layers covering the kidney?

Deep to superficial

Answer 7

1. Renal (fibrous) capsule
2. Perirenal fat
3. Renal fascia

Question 8

What is the hilum

Answer 8

medial indentation serving as point of entry for ureter, nerves, veins, artery, etc…

Question 9

What is the renal sinus

Answer 9

Internal cavity filled with fat for protection

Question 10

Two regions of the kidney

Internal anatomy

Answer 10

1. Renal cortex (outer)
2. Renal Medulla (inner)

Question 11

Renal cortex information

Answer 11

1. Lighter red
2. Contains renal corpuscles, where blood is filtered/urine formed
3. Contains renal columns extending into medulla

Question 12

Renal medulla information

Answer 12

1. Darker color
2. Contains renal pyramids, which are separated by renal columns

Question 13

What is contained within each kidney/renal lobe?

Answer 13

1. renal pyramid, overlying cortex, adjacent renal columns

Question 14

How many lobes are in each kidney

Answer 14

6-18

Question 15

Minor calyx does what?

Answer 15

Collects urine from single kidney lobe

Question 16

Major calyx does?

Answer 16

Fusion of 4-5 minor calyxes

Question 17

What does the renal pelvis do?

Answer 17

Collect urine from major calyx and send to ureter

Question 18

What are nephrons?

Answer 18

Functional unit of kidney that remove waste and excess substance from blood

Question 19

What are the components of nephrons

Answer 19

1. renal corpusle
2. Renal tubule

Question 20

Renal corpuscle is made up of?

Answer 20

1. glomerular capsule
2. Filtration membrane

Question 21

What occurs at the renal corpuscle

Answer 21

Process called filtration that is collected in the capsular space

Question 22

What are the 3 parts of the renal tubule

Answer 22

1. Proximal convoluted tubule
2. Nephron loop
3. Distal convoluted tubule

Question 23

What occurs in the renal tubule?

Answer 23

received filtrate and modifies it to create urine

Question 24

What is the collecting system composed of?

Answer 24

1. Collecting duct
2. Papillary duct

Question 25

What occurs in collecting duct

Answer 25

Collects fluid from nephrons

Question 26

What occurs in the papillary duct

Answer 26

Collects fluid from ducts and brings to minor calyx

Question 27

What is the pathway of urine through the nephrons

Answer 27

1. Glomerular capsules 2. proximal convoluted tubule 3. descending limb of the nephron loop 4. Ascending limb of nephron loop 5. Distal convoluted tubule

Question 28

Overall pathway of urine

Answer 28

1. Nephrons 2. Collecting ducts 3. papillary ducts 4. minor calyces 5. major calyces 6. renal pelvis 7. ureter 8. bladder 9. urethra

Question 29

What are Cortical nephrons

Answer 29

85% and located in the cortex. Does most regulatory functions.

Question 30

What does the Juxtamedullary nephrons do?

Answer 30

15% of nephrons, has long nephron loop extending to medulla

Question 31

Kidneys receive blood from which artery?

Answer 31

Renal arteries

Question 32

Artery pathway

Answer 32

Renal artery -- segmental arteries -- interlobar arteries -- arcuate arteries -- cortical radiate arteries -- afferent arterioles -- glomerulus

Question 33

Venous system. Glomerulus drains into?

Answer 33

Efferent arteriole

Question 34

Blood flow around the cortical nephrons

Answer 34

Peritubular capillaries

Question 35

Blood flow around juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 35

In Vasa recta

Question 36

Kidney venous system

Answer 36

Efferent arterioles, capillaries (peritubular or vasa recta), cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein, inferior vena cava

Question 37

Kidney nerves

Answer 37

Innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of ANS. 1. Sympathetic most important to vasoconstrict/vasodilate renal arteries