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A&P 400 > Reproductive 2 female > Flashcards

Reproductive 2 female Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of the female reproductive system

A
  1. produce sex hormones
  2. produce functional gametes
  3. protect/nourish developing embryo
  4. maintain growing fetus
  5. nourish newborn infant
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2
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Vulva and urethra

A

Female external genitalia

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3
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

A

Female internal genitalia

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4
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Produces milk to nourish infant

A

Mammary gland of breast

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5
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Produces gametes and hormones

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

  • Deliver oocyte or embryo to uterus
  • Normal site of fertilization
A

Uterine Tubes

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7
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Site of embryonic and fetal development

A

Uterus

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8
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy

  • Birth canal during delivery
  • Passageway for fluids during menstruation
A

Vagina

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9
Q

Female Reproductive Structures

Pad of fatty tissue overlapping symphysis pubis

A

Mons pubis

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10
Q

Female Reproductive Structures

Contains erectile tissue

A

Clitoris

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11
Q

Female Reproductive Structures

Contains glands that lubricate the entrance to the vagina

A

Labia

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12
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Paired almond shaped organs near the lateral wall of pelvic cavity

A

Ovaries

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13
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Main functions
1. Oogenesis (prod. of immature female gametes)
2. Secretion of female sex hormones
3. Secretion of inhibin

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Extends from uterus to medial surface of ovary

A

Ovarian ligament

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15
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Fold of mesentary; supports and stabilizes ovary

A

Mesovarium

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16
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Extends from lateral surface of ovary to pelvic wall

A

Suspensory ligament

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17
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  • Extensive mesentery enclosing ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
  • Attaches to sides and floor of pelvic cavity
A

Broad ligament

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18
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  1. Germinal epithelium
  2. Tunica albuginea
  3. Interior containing cortex and medulla
A

Layers of the ovaries

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19
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Layer of squamous or cuboidal cells covering the ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

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20
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Dense connective tissue layer just deep to the germinal epithelium

A

Tunica albuginea

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21
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Superficial layer holding follicles where oocytes produced

A

Cortex

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22
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Deep to the cortex, loose CT w/ blood vessels

A

Medulla

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23
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Developing oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cells called follicular cells

A

Ovarian follicles

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24
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Large, fluid filled follicle ready to rupture its secondary oocyte

A

Mature follicles (graafian follicles)

25
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

Remnants of follicle after ovulation that produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin until degenerating into scar tissue

A

Corpus luteum

26
Q

Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle

  • formation and development of the oocyte
  • occurs within follicle
  • begins before birth and ends at menopause
A

Oogenesis

27
Q

Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle

  • Development of the follicle
  • Development ends in rupture of mature follicle
  • Becomes corpus luteum and eventually corpus albicans
A

Ovarian Cycle

28
Q

Oogenesis

Step 1: Germ cells migrate from yolk sac to ovaries and turn into

A

Oogonia

29
Q

Oogenesis

Step 1: Oogonia divide and a few become

A

Primary oocytes

30
Q

Oogenesis

Step 2: Primary oocytes are surrounded by a layer of cells called

A

Primordial follicle

31
Q

Oogenesis

Step 2: Primary oocytes enter meiosis and stay in that phase until

A

Until puberty

32
Q

Oogenesis

Step 3: During puberty, stimulates some of the primary oocytes to complete meiosis 1

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland

33
Q

Oogenesis

Step 3: Primary oocytes that complete meiosis 1 yield

A

Secondary oocyte and polar body

34
Q

Oogenesis

Step 4: Secondary oocytes begin meiosis 2 but pause. What happens after

A

One secondary oocyte is ovulated per month

35
Q

Oogenesis

Step 5: If fertilized, secondary ooctyte will divide, creating a

A

Second polar body and mature ovum

36
Q

Ovarian Cycle

Inactive primary oocyte surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicle cells

A

Primordial Follicle

37
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Clusters of primary oocytes in outer portion of ovarian cortex

A

Egg nests

38
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Follicular cells that have enlarged and divided now called

A

Granulosa cells

39
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Translucent region that develops around oocyte

A

Zona pellucida

40
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Cells that form around follicle and work with granulosa cells to produce estrogen

A

Thecal endocrine cells

41
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Secondary follicle becomes

A

Tertiary follicle and then mature graafian follicle

42
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Fibrae sweep oocyte into uterine tube, if no fertilization

A

Cells will degenerate

43
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Stimulates maturation of the uterine lining

A

Progesterone

44
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

passage for sperm to meet ovum, and fertilized ovum to reach uterus

A

Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes)

45
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  • Hollow, muscular organ
  • Passageway for sperm deposited in vagina to reach uterine tubes
  • Site of fetal development
  • Source of menses released during menstruation
A

Uterus

46
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

inferior narrow portion that opens to vagina

A

Cervix

47
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  • constriction d/t hormonal changes
    initiate menses
  • This is the where the blood of menses come from
A

Spiral Artery

48
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  • attach ant. of uterus to labia majora to maintain anteflexion of uterus
  • Common source of pain during
    pregnancy
A

Round ligament

49
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

connect uterus to sacrum on either side of rectum

A

Uteralsacral ligaments

50
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  1. Passage for menstrual fluids
  2. Receive and hold sperm prior to passage into uterus
  3. Form inferior portion of birth canal
A

Reproductive functions of the Vagina

51
Q

Shallow recess in the vagina surrounding the tip of the
cervix

A

Fornix

52
Q

Folds formed by the vaginal lining when relaxed

A

Rugae

53
Q
  • Elastic epithelial fold that usually partially blocks entrance to the vagina
  • Stretched or torn during intercourse, tampon use, or heavy physical exercise
A

Hymen

54
Q
  • Bands of dense connective tissue
  • Surround the duct system and form
    partitions between lobes and lobules
A

Suspensory ligaments of the breast

55
Q

The Ovarian Cycle

Marks the end of the follicular phase and beginning of luteal phase

A

Ovulation

56
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
A

Layers of the Uterus

57
Q
  1. Stratum functionalis
  2. Stratum basalis

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Layers of the Inner layer of the uterus (endometrium)

58
Q

Lines uterine cavity and sloughs off during menstruation

A

Stratus functionalis

59
Q

Permanent and gives rise to new stratum functionalis after each menstruation

A

Stratum basalis

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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