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A&P 400 > Respiratory system 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

What is the respiratory system?

A

Airflow to/from the lungs

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2
Q

External Respiration

What is the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange b/w lungs and pulmonary circulation

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

What is the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange b/w systemic circulation and tissues

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4
Q

Homeostasis requires

Respiration Overview

A

Steady supply of O2 and elimination of CO2

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5
Q

Disruption of homeostasis

Respiration Overview

A

Oxygen starvation, waste buildup, rapid cell death

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6
Q

Respiratory and Cardiovascular system work together

Respiration Overview

A

Respiratory system provides gas exchange and cardiovascular system transports respiratory gases

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7
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A
  • Provide surface for gas exchange
  • Move air to and from exchange surfaces
  • Protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temp changes, pathogen invasion
  • Produce sounds for speaking
  • Detect odors
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8
Q

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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9
Q

Respiratory tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Passageway that carries air to/from gas exchange surfaces of lungs

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10
Q

Conducting portion

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Nasal cavity to bronchioles, no gas exchange

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11
Q

Respiratory portion

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Smallest bronchioles to alveoli, gas exchange occurs

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12
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A
  • Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx. Filters, warms,
  • humidifies incoming air
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13
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A
  • Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli.
  • Conducts air to and from gas exchange surfaces
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14
Q

Respiratory Mucosa

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Lines nasal cavity through large bronchioles. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mucous cells

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15
Q

Lamina propria

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Underlying areolar tissue that supports respiratory epithelium

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16
Q

Mucociliary Escalator

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Sticky mucous glands produce mucus that traps debris. Debris swept up to pharynx by cilia

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17
Q

Nostrils/External Nares

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

openings for air entering into respiratory system

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18
Q

Dorsum of nose/maxilla/frontal bones

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Bony framework of external nose

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19
Q

Nasal cartilages

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Elastic cartilages to help keep nostrils open

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20
Q

Choanae

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Where nasal cavity communicates with pharynx

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21
Q

Nasal vestibule

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Lined with coarse hairs to filter dust particles

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22
Q

Respiratory Region of Nasal Cavity

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Larger, inferior portion. Lined with non-keratinized pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells

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23
Q

Olfactory Region of Nasal Cavity

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Smaller superior portion. Olfactory receptors, have cilia but no goblet cells

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24
Q

Nasal Septum

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Forms right and left nasal cavities.

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25
Q

Superior, inferior, middle nasal meatuses

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Trap small particles, move odorants to olfactory receptors, warm/humidify air

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26
Q

Paranasal sinuses

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Secrete mucus to moisten nasal cavity, resonate sound, lighten skull

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27
Q

Nasal Polyps

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Outgrowth of mucus membranes, usually around paranasal sinuses

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28
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Carry tears from lacrimal sac to nasal cavity

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29
Q

Lamina Propria of Nasal Cavity

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Release heat to warm air, humidify inhaled air, reabsorb heat during exhalation

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30
Q

Main functions of Pharynx

Pharynx (AKA throat)

A

passage of food/air, resonating chamber for speech, tonsils preventing entry to body

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31
Q

Nasopharynx

Pharynx (AKA throat)

A

Superior part, has auditory (eustachian tubes) and tonsils

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32
Q

Oropharynx

Pharynx (AKA throat)

A

Middle part

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33
Q

Laryngopharynx

Pharynx (AKA throat)

A

Inferior part

34
Q

Larynx

A

Cartilaginous tube surrounding glottis (voice box)

35
Q

Larynx Location

Larynx

A

Anterior to C4-C6

36
Q

Epiglottis

Larynx

A

Forms lid over glottis, protecting from entry to respiratory tract during swallowing

37
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

Larynx

A

Contains adam’s apple and attaches to hyoid bone

38
Q

Cricoid cartilage

Larynx

A

Forms ring around larynx, providing attachment for muscles

39
Q

Glottis

Larynx

A

Where air passes through larynx

40
Q

Rima glottis

Larynx

A

Opening between Vocal Folds in the Glottis

41
Q

Vocal Folds (AKA Vocal Cords)

Larynx

A

Tissue folds containing vocal ligaments and produce sound waves

42
Q

Phonation

Larynx

A

Sound production from larynx

43
Q

Articulation

Larynx

A

Modification of sounds from tongue, teeth, lips

44
Q

Sound Production

Larynx

A

Bands of elastic ligaments stretch b/w laryngeal cartilages

45
Q

Pitch

Larynx

A

Depends on tension of vocal folds

46
Q

Volume

Larynx

A

Depends on pressure of air

47
Q

Ventricular folds

Larynx

A

Aka false vocal cords, located above true vocal cords

48
Q

Trachea starts

Trachea

A

C6-T5 by branching into bronchi, lying in front of esophagus

49
Q

Tracheal Cartilages

Trachea

A

Prevent collapse and overexpansion

50
Q

Carina

Trachea

A

Ridge at base that separates the openings of right and left bronchi

51
Q

Trachealis

Trachea

A

Muscles that can restrict airflow, mostly controlled by sympathetic stimulation

52
Q

Main bronchi (Primary bronchi)

Bronchi

A

First division of bronchi, right and left bronchus go into each lung

53
Q

Right bronchus

Bronchi

A

Wider and steeper angle than left

54
Q

Lobar Bronchi (Secondary bronchi)

Bronchi

A

One to each lobe of lung, 3 to right, 2 to left

55
Q

Segmental Bronchi (Tertiary bronchi)

Bronchi

A

Each lung contains about 10, and supplies one segment of lung

56
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment

Bronchi

A

A triangular segment of lung that the segmental bronchi supplies

57
Q

Structure

Bronchioles

A

Thick smooth muscle

58
Q

Bronchodilation

Bronchioles

A

Airflow increase caused by sympathetic nervous system

59
Q

Bronchoconstriction

Bronchioles

A

Airflow decrease caused by parasympathetic nervous system

60
Q

Asthma

Bronchioles

A

Reactions causing extreme bronchoconstriction

61
Q

Terminal Bronchioles

Bronchioles

A

Lead to pulmonary lobules, where gas exchange occurs

62
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

Bronchioles

A

Last division

63
Q

Lobes of Right Lung

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

3, superior, middle, inferior

64
Q

Lobes of left lung

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

2, superior and inferior

65
Q

Fissures

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Divide lung lobes, right lung has 2 fissures, lefts lung has one

66
Q

Lung location

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Apex at first rib and base at diaphragm

67
Q

Cardiac Notch

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

On the left lung to accommodate heart

68
Q

Root of Lung

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Fixes positions of bronchi, nerves, vessels, lymphcatics

69
Q

Hilum

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Medial depression in each lung

70
Q

Pleurae

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Membrane sacs surrounding lungs

71
Q

Visceral Pleura

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

covers outside of lungs

72
Q

Parietal Pleura

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Covers inner surface of thoracic wall

73
Q

Pleural Cavity

Gross Anatomy of Lungs

A

Space b/w parietal and visceral layers, containing pleural fluid

74
Q

Pulmonary Lobule

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

each terminal bronchiole supplies a single pulmonary lobule

75
Q

Alveolar ducts

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

After respiratory bronchioles, leading to alveolar sacs

76
Q

Alveolar Sacs

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

After alveolar ducts, where external respiration occurs

77
Q

Pulmonary alveoli

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

Give lungs spongy appearance, extensive capillary network for gas exchange

78
Q

Type 1 Pneumocytes

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

thin, delicate sites of gas diffusion. Simple squamous

79
Q

Type 2 Pneumocytes

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

Produce surfactant, oily secretion, to prevent collapse of alveoli

80
Q

Alveolar Macrophages

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

Phagocytize particles that clog alveoli

81
Q

Blood air barrier

Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs

A

Where gas exchange occurs

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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