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A&P 400 > Respiratory system 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

What is the respiratory system?

A

Airflow to/from the lungs

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2
Q

External Respiration

What is the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange b/w lungs and pulmonary circulation

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

What is the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange b/w systemic circulation and tissues

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4
Q

Homeostasis requires

Respiration Overview

A

Steady supply of O2 and elimination of CO2

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5
Q

Disruption of homeostasis

Respiration Overview

A

Oxygen starvation, waste buildup, rapid cell death

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6
Q

Respiratory and Cardiovascular system work together

Respiration Overview

A

Respiratory system provides gas exchange and cardiovascular system transports respiratory gases

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7
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A
  • Provide surface for gas exchange
  • Move air to and from exchange surfaces
  • Protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temp changes, pathogen invasion
  • Produce sounds for speaking
  • Detect odors
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8
Q

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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9
Q

Respiratory tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Passageway that carries air to/from gas exchange surfaces of lungs

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10
Q

Conducting portion

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Nasal cavity to bronchioles, no gas exchange

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11
Q

Respiratory portion

Respiratory tract consists of

A

Smallest bronchioles to alveoli, gas exchange occurs

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12
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A
  • Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx. Filters, warms,
  • humidifies incoming air
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13
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

Respiratory tract consists of

A
  • Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli.
  • Conducts air to and from gas exchange surfaces
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14
Q

Respiratory Mucosa

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Lines nasal cavity through large bronchioles. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with mucous cells

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15
Q

Lamina propria

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Underlying areolar tissue that supports respiratory epithelium

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16
Q

Mucociliary Escalator

Respiratory Epithelia

A

Sticky mucous glands produce mucus that traps debris. Debris swept up to pharynx by cilia

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17
Q

Nostrils/External Nares

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

openings for air entering into respiratory system

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18
Q

Dorsum of nose/maxilla/frontal bones

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Bony framework of external nose

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19
Q

Nasal cartilages

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Elastic cartilages to help keep nostrils open

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20
Q

Choanae

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Where nasal cavity communicates with pharynx

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21
Q

Nasal vestibule

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Lined with coarse hairs to filter dust particles

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22
Q

Respiratory Region of Nasal Cavity

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Larger, inferior portion. Lined with non-keratinized pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells

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23
Q

Olfactory Region of Nasal Cavity

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Smaller superior portion. Olfactory receptors, have cilia but no goblet cells

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24
Q

Nasal Septum

Nose/Nasal Cavity

A

Forms right and left nasal cavities.

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25
Superior, inferior, middle nasal meatuses | Nose/Nasal Cavity
Trap small particles, move odorants to olfactory receptors, warm/humidify air
26
Paranasal sinuses | Nose/Nasal Cavity
Secrete mucus to moisten nasal cavity, resonate sound, lighten skull
27
Nasal Polyps | Nose/Nasal Cavity
Outgrowth of mucus membranes, usually around paranasal sinuses
28
Nasolacrimal duct | Nose/Nasal Cavity
Carry tears from lacrimal sac to nasal cavity
29
Lamina Propria of Nasal Cavity | Nose/Nasal Cavity
Release heat to warm air, humidify inhaled air, reabsorb heat during exhalation
30
Main functions of Pharynx | Pharynx (AKA throat)
passage of food/air, resonating chamber for speech, tonsils preventing entry to body
31
Nasopharynx | Pharynx (AKA throat)
Superior part, has auditory (eustachian tubes) and tonsils
32
Oropharynx | Pharynx (AKA throat)
Middle part
33
Laryngopharynx | Pharynx (AKA throat)
Inferior part
34
Larynx
Cartilaginous tube surrounding glottis (voice box)
35
Larynx Location | Larynx
Anterior to C4-C6
36
Epiglottis | Larynx
Forms lid over glottis, protecting from entry to respiratory tract during swallowing
37
Thyroid Cartilage | Larynx
Contains adam’s apple and attaches to hyoid bone
38
Cricoid cartilage | Larynx
Forms ring around larynx, providing attachment for muscles
39
Glottis | Larynx
Where air passes through larynx
40
Rima glottis | Larynx
Opening between Vocal Folds in the Glottis
41
Vocal Folds (AKA Vocal Cords) | Larynx
Tissue folds containing vocal ligaments and produce sound waves
42
Phonation | Larynx
Sound production from larynx
43
Articulation | Larynx
Modification of sounds from tongue, teeth, lips
44
Sound Production | Larynx
Bands of elastic ligaments stretch b/w laryngeal cartilages
45
Pitch | Larynx
Depends on tension of vocal folds
46
Volume | Larynx
Depends on pressure of air
47
Ventricular folds | Larynx
Aka false vocal cords, located above true vocal cords
48
Trachea starts | Trachea
C6-T5 by branching into bronchi, lying in front of esophagus
49
Tracheal Cartilages | Trachea
Prevent collapse and overexpansion
50
Carina | Trachea
Ridge at base that separates the openings of right and left bronchi
51
Trachealis | Trachea
Muscles that can restrict airflow, mostly controlled by sympathetic stimulation
52
Main bronchi (Primary bronchi) | Bronchi
First division of bronchi, right and left bronchus go into each lung
53
Right bronchus | Bronchi
Wider and steeper angle than left
54
Lobar Bronchi (Secondary bronchi) | Bronchi
One to each lobe of lung, 3 to right, 2 to left
55
Segmental Bronchi (Tertiary bronchi) | Bronchi
Each lung contains about 10, and supplies one segment of lung
56
Bronchopulmonary segment | Bronchi
A triangular segment of lung that the segmental bronchi supplies
57
Structure | Bronchioles
Thick smooth muscle
58
Bronchodilation | Bronchioles
Airflow increase caused by sympathetic nervous system
59
Bronchoconstriction | Bronchioles
Airflow decrease caused by parasympathetic nervous system
60
Asthma | Bronchioles
Reactions causing extreme bronchoconstriction
61
Terminal Bronchioles | Bronchioles
Lead to pulmonary lobules, where gas exchange occurs
62
Respiratory bronchioles | Bronchioles
Last division
63
Lobes of Right Lung | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
3, superior, middle, inferior
64
Lobes of left lung | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
2, superior and inferior
65
Fissures | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Divide lung lobes, right lung has 2 fissures, lefts lung has one
66
Lung location | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Apex at first rib and base at diaphragm
67
Cardiac Notch | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
On the left lung to accommodate heart
68
Root of Lung | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Fixes positions of bronchi, nerves, vessels, lymphcatics
69
Hilum | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Medial depression in each lung
70
Pleurae | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Membrane sacs surrounding lungs
71
Visceral Pleura | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
covers outside of lungs
72
Parietal Pleura | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Covers inner surface of thoracic wall
73
Pleural Cavity | Gross Anatomy of Lungs
Space b/w parietal and visceral layers, containing pleural fluid
74
Pulmonary Lobule | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
each terminal bronchiole supplies a single pulmonary lobule
75
Alveolar ducts | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
After respiratory bronchioles, leading to alveolar sacs
76
Alveolar Sacs | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
After alveolar ducts, where external respiration occurs
77
Pulmonary alveoli | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
Give lungs spongy appearance, extensive capillary network for gas exchange
78
Type 1 Pneumocytes | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
thin, delicate sites of gas diffusion. Simple squamous
79
Type 2 Pneumocytes | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
Produce surfactant, oily secretion, to prevent collapse of alveoli
80
Alveolar Macrophages | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
Phagocytize particles that clog alveoli
81
Blood air barrier | Microscopic Anatomy of Lungs
Where gas exchange occurs

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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