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A&P 400 > Urinary system 1.1 > Flashcards

Urinary system 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Receive 25% of CO
A

Kidneys

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2
Q
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
A

Urinary tract

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3
Q

Receive urine from kidneys

A

Ureters

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4
Q

receive and store urine

A

Bladder

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5
Q

Conduct urine/semen from bladder to outside body

A

Urethra

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6
Q
  1. Regulate blood ions
  2. Regulate blood ph
  3. Regulate blood volume
  4. regulate blood pressure
  5. Regulate blood glucose
  6. Maintain blood osmolarity
  7. Produce hormones
  8. Excrete waste
A

Functions of the urinary system

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7
Q

Located in retroperitoneal position - b/w posterior body wall and parietal peritoneum

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Located on either side of verterbral column w/ left slightly higher than right

A

Kidneys. Right lower due to liver

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9
Q

Kidney connected to bladder via

A

Ureters

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10
Q
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Perineal fat
  3. Renal fascia
A

Layers of kidney

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11
Q

Kidney layers

  • Deepest layer
  • Layer of collagen fibers
A

Renal (fibrous) capsule

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12
Q

Kidney layers

Thick layer of adipose tissue

A

Perineal fat

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13
Q

Kidney layers

  • Outer layer
  • Anchors kidney to surrounding structures
A

Renal fascia

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14
Q

Kidney Anatomy

  • Medial Indentation
  • Entry point for artery, nerves, veins, uterer
A

Hilum

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15
Q

Kidney Anatomy

  • Lined with fibrous capsule
  • Internal cavity of kidney, filled with fat
A

Renal Sinus

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16
Q

Internal Anatomy of Kidney

Divided into outer and inner region

A

Renal Cortex - Outer
Renal Medulla - Inner

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17
Q
  • Lighter red in color
  • Where renal corpuscles found
A

Renal Cortex

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18
Q

Where blood is filtered and urine initially formed

A

Renal corpuscles

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19
Q

Extensions of the cortex into medulla

A

Renal columns

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20
Q
  • Darker brown in color
  • Contains renal pyramid
  • Contains nephron loop, papillary ducts, collecting ducts
A

Renal medulla

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21
Q
  • Each kidney contains 6-18
  • Contains pyramid, overlying cortex and adjacent renal columns
A

Kidney/renal lobe

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22
Q

Collects urine from a single kidney lobe

A

Minor calyx

23
Q

Forms from the fusion of 4-5 minor calyces

A

Major calyx

24
Q
  • Funnel shaped structure that collects urine from major calyces
  • Continuous with the ureter
A

Renal pelvis

25
26
Functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
27
Produce urine by removing waste/excess substance from blood | ~1 million per kidney
Nephron
28
Total amount present at birth Cannot be replaced
Nephron
29
Produces filtrate which is collected in the surrounding capsular space
Renal corpuscle
30
* Receives filtrate and modifies it to create urine * up to 50mm long
Renal tubule
31
Cup-shaped capsule in the Renal corpuscle
Glomerular capsule
32
* Within renal corpuscle * Capillary network where filtration occurs
Glomerulus
33
1. Parietal (outer) layer 2. Visceral layer 3. capsular space
Glomerular capsule layers
34
1. Fenestrated glomerular capillaries 2. Dense layer basement membrane 3. Filtration slits
Filtration membrane layers
35
Reabsorbs nutrients from filtrate (tubular fluid)
Proximal convoluted tubule
36
Establishes osmotic gradient for water reabsorption
Nephron loop
37
Adjusts tubular fluid composition by reabsorption and secretion
Distal convoluted tubule
38
Series of tubes carrying filtrate away from nephron
Collecting system
39
* Collects fluid from many nephrons through the renal medulla
Collecting duct
40
* Collects fluid from multiple collecting ducts * Delivers to minor calyx
Papillary duct
41
* 85 percent of all nephrons * Located primarily in the cortex * Responsible for most regulatory functions
Cortical nephrons
42
* 15 percent of all nephrons * Long nephron loop extending deep into medulla * Essential to producing concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons
43
Each kidney receives blood from which artery
renal artery
44
Renal artery branches into
segmental arteries
45
Segmental arteries branch into
Interlobar arteries
46
Interlobar arteries branch into
Arcuate arteries
47
Arcuate arteries branch into
Cortical radiate arteries
48
Cortical radiate artery branches into
Afferent arterioles
49
Glomerulus drains into
Efferent arterioles
50
What supplies blood and what carries blood away from the glomerulus
supply: afferent arteriole takes away: efferent arteriole
51
* Surround the entire renal tubule * Collect water and solutes absorbed by the nephron
Peritubular capillaries
52
Peritubular capillaries supply
Cortical nephron
53
Vasa recta supplies
Juxtamedullary nephron
54
Each kidney drains into
renal veins

A&P 400 (14 decks)

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