Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary system contains

Answer 1

ureter, kidney, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

Function of urinary system

Answer 2

Keep a homeostasis within the body. Extract certain substances from blood, form urine, and eliminate the substances as urine out of the body.

Question 3

Kidney

Answer 3

Two kidneys that are bean shaped structures that connect the urinary system to cardiovascular system. Just below rib cage on each side. It filters out blood to remove waste products of metabolism and excess water. Eventually, these wastes are excreted in the urine. Kidneys filter (on average) around 200 quarts of blood each day to produce about two quarts of urine. Many factors determine the amount of urine produced.

Question 4

What does the renal cortex contains

Answer 4

Each kidney has a renal cortex on the outside and a renal medulla on the inside. The cortex contains over a million microscopic cells called nephrons. The medulla area contains urine-collecting tubules

Question 5

Ureter function

Answer 5

Narrow tubes about 10-12 inches long. They transport the urine from kidneys to the ureter bladder

Question 6

Urinary bladder

Answer 6

Oval, hollow, muscular organ that serves as a storage tank for urine before it is eliminated from the body. Located at the anterior part of the pelvic cavity behind public symphysis. Average adult bladder stores over a pint of urine.

Question 7

Renal (kidney) artery function

Answer 7

Renal artery brings blood into the kidney and ultimately the nephrons. After passing through the filtration system of the glomerulus. The filtered blood leaves the kidney and ultimately the nephrons. After passing through the filtration system of the glomerulus, the filtered blood leaves the kidney and returns to the bloodstream through the renal vein.

Blood from the body is brought into the kidney via the renal artery. Renal arteries become smaller and smaller to become the afferent arteriole.

Blood enters the nephron through the glomerulus, which is a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule and the renal tubule. This is the filtration system of the nephron

After passing through the filtration system of the glomerulus, the filtered blood containing protein and blood cells leave the kidney and return to the bloodstream through the renal vein. The filtrate, or substances and water removed from the blood, flows into the renal tubules.

Question 8

Renal Pelvis

Answer 8

Renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped area inside each kidney surrounded by renal cortex and medulla. This is where the renal artery and vein enter and exit the kidney.

Question 9

Urethra

Answer 9

Tube extends from bladder to exterior of body. There is a urethral sphincter at each end of the urethra that allows controlling elimination of the urine. Female urethra is about 1.5 inches long and exits the body through the urethral meatus located between the clitoris and opening of vagina. Male urethra is about 8 inches long with the urethral meatus located at the tip of the penis. It transports both urine and semen that is surrounded by prostate gland.

Question 10

Urine formation processes

Answer 10

Filtration: The glomerulus membrane keeps blood cells and large proteins in the bloodstream.
Reabsorption: Nutrients and water are moved back into the bloodstream.
Secretion: Waste ions and hydrogen ions are secreted from blood into the tubules.
Excretion: Urine is excreted from the kidney through the urethra. Urine is 95% water.

Question 11

Nephron

Answer 11

Microscopic cells in kidney that convert blood into urine: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion

Question 12

Nephropathy

Answer 12

Any disease of the kidney that is not functioning including degenerative conditions and inflammatory conditions

Question 13

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer 13

Kidney disease resulting from late-stage diabetes mellitus from Type 1 or Type 2

Question 14

Renal failure

Answer 14

Known as kidney failure. The inability of one or both kidneys to function. Body cannot replace damaged nephrons. When too many nephrons are damaged, the kidney stops working. Body cannot live without the functions of the kidneys. Last stage of nephropathy.

Question 15

Uremia

Answer 15

Uremic poisoning, or a toxic condition resulting from renal failure. Waste products normally secrets in urine build in the body

Question 16

Acute Renal Failure

Answer 16

Sudden onset of renal failure caused by a sudden drop in blood volume or blood pressure to kidneys

Question 17

Chronic kidney disease

Answer 17

Progressive loss of renal function over months or years. It is life-threatening

Question 18

End Stage Renal disease

Answer 18

Short for ESRD. Final stage of chronic kidney disease and is fatal unless dialysis replaces the normal functions of the kidneys or the kidneys are replaced via a transplant.

Question 19

Kidney Stones

Answer 19

It refers to an abnormal mineral deposit that had formed within the kidney. It is called a calculus (vary in size from small sand-like granules to very large so that they can become lodged & caused cause severe pain)

Question 20

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 20

Condition where there are present of stones in the kidney. It travel with the flow of urine and can become lodged at any places in path from kidney through the urethra.

Question 21

Nephrolith

Answer 21

Stone in the kidney

Question 22

Ureterolith

Answer 22

Stone in the ureter

Question 23

Cystolith

Answer 23

Stone in the urinary bladder

Question 24

Hydroureter

Answer 24

Distension or swelling of the ureter with urine that is prevented from flowing out due to a blockage

Question 25

Ureterectasis

Answer 25

Distension or swelling of a ureter because of congenital abnormalities.

Question 26

Ureterorrhagia

Answer 26

Discharge of blood from the ureter.

Question 27

Cystocele

Answer 27

Refer to prolapsed bladder. It is a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall and sometimes a result of pregnancy and childbirth.

Question 28

Interstitial cystitis

Answer 28

Chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Question 29

Cystalgia

Answer 29

Pain in the bladder

Question 30

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 30

Backward flow of urine into ureters from the bladder.

Question 31

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 31

enlarge prostate glands. Usually occurs in men over 50 that makes urination difficult.

Question 32

prostatism

Answer 32

disorder resulting obstruction of the urethra, because of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 33

prostate cancer

Answer 33

common cancer in men. Can grow very slowly with no symptoms or grow aggressively and spread to another part of the body

Question 34

prostatitis

Answer 34

group of disorders where there is inflammation of the prostate gland.

Question 35

pyelonephritis

Answer 35

inflammation of both renal pelvis & kidney. Typically caused by bacteria that spread upward from the bladder.

Question 36

urethritis

Answer 36

inflammation of the urethra

Question 37

anuria

Answer 37

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Question 38

diuresis

Answer 38

refer to increased output of urine

Question 39

dysuria

Answer 39

refer to difficulty / painful urination

Question 40

enuresis

Answer 40

involuntary discharge of urine

Question 41

nocturia enuresis

Answer 41

urinary incontinence during sleep. known as bed-wetting

Question 42

oliguria

Answer 42

low urinary output. scanty urination that can be caused by dehydration, renal failure, or perhaps an obstruction of the tract.

Question 43

urinary hesitancy

Answer 43

difficult in starting urinary steam

Question 44

urinary retention or ischuria

Answer 44

inability to empty the bladder during urination

Question 45

incontinence

Answer 45

inability to control the excretion of urinary

Question 46

overflow incontinence

Answer 46

continuous leaking from the bladder, because it is full or it has not completely emptied