Muscular System Flashcards
Muscle
Muscles are form by
long slender cell calls muscular fiber. Group and bound together it become tissue name fascia. Fascias form tendon that attach to the bones
Muscles have three type
skeletal muscle- form the skeletal muscle of the body
cardiac muscle- It help with the heart beating independently. Also known as myocardial muscle
smooth muscle- its for organ & blood vessels
How the fascia is made
muscular fiber<—endomysium<—fascicles<–perimysium<—-epimysium
origin
bone attachment to body that is immoveable
insertion
bone attachment to body that is moveable at the end
Function of muscular system
holding body erect and posture
allowing movement
generating heat
moving food through digestive system
aiding the blood flow through the heart and vessels
moving fluid though duct and tubes in many body system
fasciitis
inflammation of fascia
fibromyalagia
Debilitating and chronic condition where the person has fatigue, extreme weakness and experiences muscles, joint, and bone pain
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon cause by unusual use or excessive use
chronic fatigue syndrome
Disorder that affect many body system. Characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness and pain in muscle & joints and bone
muscle tone
state of balance of muscle tension caused by contradiction and relaxation. Impact balance, posture and movement
atonic
lack of normal muscle tone and strength
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone that interfere with normal muscle function
hypotonia
diminishing skeletal muscle. allow limited passive movement
myasthenia gravis
Chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular function. Place where neuro activate muscle to contract. Causes significant muscle weakness
carpal tunnel syndrome
Caused when tendons that pass through carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen.
carpal tunnel
is a narrow passage through bone in the inner side of the wrist area under carpal ligament. The nerves and tendons that bend fingers move through the tunnel
sprain
Injury to a joint (wrist, ankle, knee, etc) caused by wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint.
strain
Injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon
IT band syndrome (ITBS)
IT band or iliotibial band, runs from hip bone across leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by overuse when the IT band rubs across the bone. Often occurs near the knee.
shin splits
Condition in which muscle tears away from tibia or shin bone causing significant pain. Typically due to repeated stress on hard surfaces, such as running or jumping.
atrophy
Wearing away muscle fiber because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness. Occurs when muscles are not used over a long period of time.
Myalgia
Muscle pain and tenderness
Myolysis
Degeneration or breakdown of muscle tissue
Polymyositis
Muscle disease in which there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body. Affected muscles are usually closest to the trunk or torso. The resulting weakness can be severe.
Sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging
cramp
localized muscle spasm that is painful. Usually is due to muscle exertion
muscle spasm
Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles. Tic is a spasm that repeats often typically involves eyelids and face
contracture
Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces normally elastic connective tissue
Ataxia
Lack of coordination of voluntary movement. Ataxia movement is unsteady and shaky. Typically caused by dysfunction of the brain
muscular dystrophy (MD)
Group of over 30 genetic disease causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. Two type of MD. DMD & BMD
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Common in children. Conditions affect mainly the onset of age 3-5. It progresses rapidly. by age 12, those with condition are unable to walk & later can develop difficulty breathing and heart disease
Becker Muscular dystrophy (BMD)
Similar to DMD but less severe
Paralysis
Loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to nerves controlling the muscles.
Myoparesis
Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness. It can be caused by a stroke or brain injury or injury to the spinal cord
Hemiplegia
Total paralysis on one side of the body commonly caused by a stroke, or brain injury or injury to spinal cord
Quadriplegia
Complete paralysis of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body. Typically caused by spinal cord injury
Repetitive Use Disorder
Muscular conditions that result from repeated motion performed as one does normal work, daily activities, recreation movements. The symptoms involve pain in muscles, tendons, nerves, and joint
compartment syndrome
Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating group of muscle. Caused by trauma, tight bandages, casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression.
over use injuries
tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal
Ossification
process of bone formation
Osteoblasts
work to rebuild, allowing bones to respond to stresses placed on them as best they can. Embryonic bone cell
diaphysis
Long bone that is middle (shaft)
epiphyses
Particularly strong and have broader ends. It allows for muscle attachment
promixal epiphysis: Point of the attachment to the body
distal epiphysis: Father away from the attachment
Articular cartilage
Located at the Long bone. it covers the epiphyses. Prevents bone from rubbing against bone
Epiphyseal line
Where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis. Also called a growth plate. When bone finishes growing, the cartilage disappears and is replaced by bone.
Cancellous (spongy) bone
Found in the epiphyses. There are spaces that contain red bone marrow, which manufactures most of the body’s blood cells.
Compact bone
Hard bone that makes up most of the diaphysis; it lies under the periosteum. It is actually a system of canals holding blood vessels designed to bring oxygen to the bone and remove waste from it.
Medullary cavity
In the diaphysis holds yellow bone marrow.
Short Bone
It tends to be roughly equal in length and width. It is spongy bones covered by a layer of compact bone; they are ideal for absorbing shock. These bones are smaller and irregular in shape. Examples: carpals and tarsals in wrists and ankles.
Flat bone
t is designed to protect soft areas and provide attachment points for muscles. These bones include your ribs, shoulder blades and pelvic bones.
Irregular bone
Bones that do not fall into other categories. It includes the vertebrae, some bones in the skull, and the ossicles of the ear. The vertebral bones help support the body’s weight and protect the spinal cord, as well as provide attachment sites for muscles.
Stress fracture
caused by repetitive low-impacted forces.
skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle that can be controlled consciously. Muscles are attached to the skeleton either directly or indirectly. Each muscle is wrapped in fascia. Tendon itself is inserted into bone’s periosteum.
cardiac muscle / myocardium
involuntary muscle that will contract on its own to pump blood throughout the body.
smooth muscle
also known as visceral muscle. They are the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary muscles. (ANS) and move internal organs.
