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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

Muscle

1
Q

Muscles are form by

A

long slender cell calls muscular fiber. Group and bound together it become tissue name fascia. Fascias form tendon that attach to the bones

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2
Q

Muscles have three type

A

skeletal muscle- form the skeletal muscle of the body
cardiac muscle- It help with the heart beating independently. Also known as myocardial muscle
smooth muscle- its for organ & blood vessels

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2
Q

How the fascia is made

A

muscular fiber<—endomysium<—fascicles<–perimysium<—-epimysium

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3
Q

origin

A

bone attachment to body that is immoveable

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4
Q

insertion

A

bone attachment to body that is moveable at the end

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5
Q

Function of muscular system

A

holding body erect and posture
allowing movement
generating heat
moving food through digestive system
aiding the blood flow through the heart and vessels
moving fluid though duct and tubes in many body system

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6
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of fascia

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7
Q

fibromyalagia

A

Debilitating and chronic condition where the person has fatigue, extreme weakness and experiences muscles, joint, and bone pain

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8
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon cause by unusual use or excessive use

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

Disorder that affect many body system. Characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness and pain in muscle & joints and bone

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10
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balance of muscle tension caused by contradiction and relaxation. Impact balance, posture and movement

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11
Q

atonic

A

lack of normal muscle tone and strength

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12
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone that interfere with normal muscle function

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13
Q

hypotonia

A

diminishing skeletal muscle. allow limited passive movement

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14
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular function. Place where neuro activate muscle to contract. Causes significant muscle weakness

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15
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Caused when tendons that pass through carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen.

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16
Q

carpal tunnel

A

is a narrow passage through bone in the inner side of the wrist area under carpal ligament. The nerves and tendons that bend fingers move through the tunnel

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17
Q

sprain

A

Injury to a joint (wrist, ankle, knee, etc) caused by wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint.

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18
Q

strain

A

Injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

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19
Q

IT band syndrome (ITBS)

A

IT band or iliotibial band, runs from hip bone across leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by overuse when the IT band rubs across the bone. Often occurs near the knee.

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20
Q

shin splits

A

Condition in which muscle tears away from tibia or shin bone causing significant pain. Typically due to repeated stress on hard surfaces, such as running or jumping.

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21
Q

atrophy

A

Wearing away muscle fiber because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness. Occurs when muscles are not used over a long period of time.

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22
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain and tenderness

23
Q

Myolysis

A

Degeneration or breakdown of muscle tissue

24
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle disease in which there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body. Affected muscles are usually closest to the trunk or torso. The resulting weakness can be severe.

25
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

26
Q

cramp

A

localized muscle spasm that is painful. Usually is due to muscle exertion

27
Q

muscle spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles. Tic is a spasm that repeats often typically involves eyelids and face

28
Q

contracture

A

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces normally elastic connective tissue

29
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of coordination of voluntary movement. Ataxia movement is unsteady and shaky. Typically caused by dysfunction of the brain

30
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Group of over 30 genetic disease causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. Two type of MD. DMD & BMD

31
Q

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A

Common in children. Conditions affect mainly the onset of age 3-5. It progresses rapidly. by age 12, those with condition are unable to walk & later can develop difficulty breathing and heart disease

32
Q

Becker Muscular dystrophy (BMD)

A

Similar to DMD but less severe

33
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to nerves controlling the muscles.

34
Q

Myoparesis

A

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness. It can be caused by a stroke or brain injury or injury to the spinal cord

35
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis on one side of the body commonly caused by a stroke, or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

36
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Complete paralysis of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body. Typically caused by spinal cord injury

37
Q

Repetitive Use Disorder

A

Muscular conditions that result from repeated motion performed as one does normal work, daily activities, recreation movements. The symptoms involve pain in muscles, tendons, nerves, and joint

38
Q

compartment syndrome

A

Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating group of muscle. Caused by trauma, tight bandages, casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression.

39
Q

over use injuries

A

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

40
Q

Ossification

A

process of bone formation

41
Q

Osteoblasts

A

work to rebuild, allowing bones to respond to stresses placed on them as best they can. Embryonic bone cell

42
Q

diaphysis

A

Long bone that is middle (shaft)

43
Q

epiphyses

A

Particularly strong and have broader ends. It allows for muscle attachment

promixal epiphysis: Point of the attachment to the body
distal epiphysis: Father away from the attachment

44
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Located at the Long bone. it covers the epiphyses. Prevents bone from rubbing against bone

45
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis. Also called a growth plate. When bone finishes growing, the cartilage disappears and is replaced by bone.

46
Q

Cancellous (spongy) bone

A

Found in the epiphyses. There are spaces that contain red bone marrow, which manufactures most of the body’s blood cells.

47
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard bone that makes up most of the diaphysis; it lies under the periosteum. It is actually a system of canals holding blood vessels designed to bring oxygen to the bone and remove waste from it.

48
Q

Medullary cavity

A

In the diaphysis holds yellow bone marrow.

49
Q

Short Bone

A

It tends to be roughly equal in length and width. It is spongy bones covered by a layer of compact bone; they are ideal for absorbing shock. These bones are smaller and irregular in shape. Examples: carpals and tarsals in wrists and ankles.

50
Q

Flat bone

A

t is designed to protect soft areas and provide attachment points for muscles. These bones include your ribs, shoulder blades and pelvic bones.

51
Q

Irregular bone

A

Bones that do not fall into other categories. It includes the vertebrae, some bones in the skull, and the ossicles of the ear. The vertebral bones help support the body’s weight and protect the spinal cord, as well as provide attachment sites for muscles.

52
Q

Stress fracture

A

caused by repetitive low-impacted forces.

53
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary muscle that can be controlled consciously. Muscles are attached to the skeleton either directly or indirectly. Each muscle is wrapped in fascia. Tendon itself is inserted into bone’s periosteum.

54
Q

cardiac muscle / myocardium

A

involuntary muscle that will contract on its own to pump blood throughout the body.

55
Q

smooth muscle

A

also known as visceral muscle. They are the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary muscles. (ANS) and move internal organs.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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