Muscular System

Question 1

Muscles are form by

Answer 1

long slender cell calls muscular fiber. Group and bound together it become tissue name fascia. Fascias form tendon that attach to the bones

Question 2

Muscles have three type

Answer 2

skeletal muscle- form the skeletal muscle of the body
cardiac muscle- It help with the heart beating independently. Also known as myocardial muscle
smooth muscle- its for organ & blood vessels

Question 2

How the fascia is made

Answer 2

muscular fiber<—endomysium<—fascicles<–perimysium<—-epimysium

Question 3

origin

Answer 3

bone attachment to body that is immoveable

Question 4

insertion

Answer 4

bone attachment to body that is moveable at the end

Question 5

Function of muscular system

Answer 5

holding body erect and posture
allowing movement
generating heat
moving food through digestive system
aiding the blood flow through the heart and vessels
moving fluid though duct and tubes in many body system

Question 6

fasciitis

Answer 6

inflammation of fascia

Question 7

fibromyalagia

Answer 7

Debilitating and chronic condition where the person has fatigue, extreme weakness and experiences muscles, joint, and bone pain

Question 8

tendonitis

Answer 8

inflammation of tendon cause by unusual use or excessive use

Question 9

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 9

Disorder that affect many body system. Characterized by fatigue, extreme weakness and pain in muscle & joints and bone

Question 10

muscle tone

Answer 10

state of balance of muscle tension caused by contradiction and relaxation. Impact balance, posture and movement

Question 11

atonic

Answer 11

lack of normal muscle tone and strength

Question 12

dystonia

Answer 12

abnormal muscle tone that interfere with normal muscle function

Question 13

hypotonia

Answer 13

diminishing skeletal muscle. allow limited passive movement

Question 14

myasthenia gravis

Answer 14

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting neuromuscular function. Place where neuro activate muscle to contract. Causes significant muscle weakness

Question 15

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 15

Caused when tendons that pass through carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen.

Question 16

carpal tunnel

Answer 16

is a narrow passage through bone in the inner side of the wrist area under carpal ligament. The nerves and tendons that bend fingers move through the tunnel

Question 17

sprain

Answer 17

Injury to a joint (wrist, ankle, knee, etc) caused by wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint.

Question 18

strain

Answer 18

Injury to a muscle or the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

Question 19

IT band syndrome (ITBS)

Answer 19

IT band or iliotibial band, runs from hip bone across leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by overuse when the IT band rubs across the bone. Often occurs near the knee.

Question 20

shin splits

Answer 20

Condition in which muscle tears away from tibia or shin bone causing significant pain. Typically due to repeated stress on hard surfaces, such as running or jumping.

Question 21

atrophy

Answer 21

Wearing away muscle fiber because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness. Occurs when muscles are not used over a long period of time.

Question 22

Myalgia

Answer 22

Muscle pain and tenderness

Question 23

Myolysis

Answer 23

Degeneration or breakdown of muscle tissue

Question 24

Polymyositis

Answer 24

Muscle disease in which there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body. Affected muscles are usually closest to the trunk or torso. The resulting weakness can be severe.

Question 25

Sarcopenia

Answer 25

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

Question 26

cramp

Answer 26

localized muscle spasm that is painful. Usually is due to muscle exertion

Question 27

muscle spasm

Answer 27

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles. Tic is a spasm that repeats often typically involves eyelids and face

Question 28

contracture

Answer 28

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces normally elastic connective tissue

Question 29

Ataxia

Answer 29

Lack of coordination of voluntary movement. Ataxia movement is unsteady and shaky. Typically caused by dysfunction of the brain

Question 30

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 30

Group of over 30 genetic disease causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. Two type of MD. DMD & BMD

Question 31

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Answer 31

Common in children. Conditions affect mainly the onset of age 3-5. It progresses rapidly. by age 12, those with condition are unable to walk & later can develop difficulty breathing and heart disease

Question 32

Becker Muscular dystrophy (BMD)

Answer 32

Similar to DMD but less severe

Question 33

Paralysis

Answer 33

Loss of both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to nerves controlling the muscles.

Question 34

Myoparesis

Answer 34

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness. It can be caused by a stroke or brain injury or injury to the spinal cord

Question 35

Hemiplegia

Answer 35

Total paralysis on one side of the body commonly caused by a stroke, or brain injury or injury to spinal cord

Question 36

Quadriplegia

Answer 36

Complete paralysis of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body. Typically caused by spinal cord injury

Question 37

Repetitive Use Disorder

Answer 37

Muscular conditions that result from repeated motion performed as one does normal work, daily activities, recreation movements. The symptoms involve pain in muscles, tendons, nerves, and joint

Question 38

compartment syndrome

Answer 38

Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia separating group of muscle. Caused by trauma, tight bandages, casts, or repetitive activities that cause compression.

Question 39

over use injuries

Answer 39

tissue injuries that do not have time to rest and heal

Question 40

Ossification

Answer 40

process of bone formation

Question 41

Osteoblasts

Answer 41

work to rebuild, allowing bones to respond to stresses placed on them as best they can. Embryonic bone cell

Question 42

diaphysis

Answer 42

Long bone that is middle (shaft)

Question 43

epiphyses

Answer 43

Particularly strong and have broader ends. It allows for muscle attachment promixal epiphysis: Point of the attachment to the body distal epiphysis: Father away from the attachment

Question 44

Articular cartilage

Answer 44

Located at the Long bone. it covers the epiphyses. Prevents bone from rubbing against bone

Question 45

Epiphyseal line

Answer 45

Where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis. Also called a growth plate. When bone finishes growing, the cartilage disappears and is replaced by bone.

Question 46

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Answer 46

Found in the epiphyses. There are spaces that contain red bone marrow, which manufactures most of the body’s blood cells.

Question 47

Compact bone

Answer 47

Hard bone that makes up most of the diaphysis; it lies under the periosteum. It is actually a system of canals holding blood vessels designed to bring oxygen to the bone and remove waste from it.

Question 48

Medullary cavity

Answer 48

In the diaphysis holds yellow bone marrow.

Question 49

Short Bone

Answer 49

It tends to be roughly equal in length and width. It is spongy bones covered by a layer of compact bone; they are ideal for absorbing shock. These bones are smaller and irregular in shape. Examples: carpals and tarsals in wrists and ankles.

Question 50

Flat bone

Answer 50

t is designed to protect soft areas and provide attachment points for muscles. These bones include your ribs, shoulder blades and pelvic bones.

Question 51

Irregular bone

Answer 51

Bones that do not fall into other categories. It includes the vertebrae, some bones in the skull, and the ossicles of the ear. The vertebral bones help support the body’s weight and protect the spinal cord, as well as provide attachment sites for muscles.

Question 52

Stress fracture

Answer 52

caused by repetitive low-impacted forces.

Question 53

skeletal muscle

Answer 53

Voluntary muscle that can be controlled consciously. Muscles are attached to the skeleton either directly or indirectly. Each muscle is wrapped in fascia. Tendon itself is inserted into bone's periosteum.

Question 54

cardiac muscle / myocardium

Answer 54

involuntary muscle that will contract on its own to pump blood throughout the body.

Question 55

smooth muscle

Answer 55

also known as visceral muscle. They are the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary muscles. (ANS) and move internal organs.