Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiratory System function
Use the lungs & related structure to bring In oxygen from outside and move oxygen to blood to circulate . Also remove CO2 from blood and expels metabolism.
Upper Respiratory System anatomy
nostrils, nasal cavity, oral cavity, lips, jaw, tongue, uvula, pharynx, epiglottic, esophagus, larynx
How do air process through respiratory system
Air enter nostrils (nose) and through nasal cavities (to Clean the contaminants & other substances in air). Air is move through pharynx(throat) and larynx (voice box) where it move through trachea to the lung
Epiglottis
protective lid that cover opening to trachea. To prevent the person swallow food and does to enter the airway
Lower respiratory system
trachea, bronchial tubes & lungs
alveoli
It is tiny ballon- shaped air sac s that located at end of bronchioles. It is where the CO2 & O2 are transfer between blood and respiratory system
bronchiole
In your lungs, the main airways, called bronchi, branch off into smaller and smaller passageways. The smallest airways, called bronchioles, lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli.
Gas Exchange
When blood takes O2 to all the tissues of the body via the cardiovascular system. Then removes the waste product CO2 from tissues and takes it back to the respiratory system where it is eliminated out of the body.
Diaphragm
It’s a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale. Thin dome-shaped muscle that sits below your lungs and heart
Intercostale muscles
Muscles that present within the rib cage.
Inhalation
diaphragm contracts and pulls downward causing the thoracic cavity to expand. This creates a vacuum within the thoracic cavity drawing air into the lungs from outside
Exhalation
the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward. This causes thoracic cavity to become smaller forcing air out of the lungs to the outside
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD. Group of lung diseases where airflow in the bronchial structures is obstructed. Often a result of smoking.
Chronic bronchitis
One type of COPD. Airways become inflamed because of continued exposure to some type of irritant. This can be smoke or a chemical. High risk of lung infections. Lung will not go back to regular function since it is damage.
emphysema
Another type of COPD. long term loss of lung function that progresses over time. Decrease in number of alveoli & progressive destruction of walls of the alveoli resulting in difficult breathing
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease of bronchial tubes where airway become inflamed and bronchioles go into spasms, significantly reducing airway. If not flared up, lung function will go back to normal.
sleep apnea?
Obstrutive sleep apnea ?
a condition where breathing repeatedly stops & starts during sleep for a long period that cause measurable in blood oxygen levels
(OSA) Caused by muscle at the back of throat relaxing and narrowing the airway.
snoring
symptoms of sleep apnea and refers to noisy breathing caused by vibration of the soft palate
pneumoconiosis
any fibrous of lung tissues caused by dust in lung from environment or a persons occupation
asbestosis
Chronic lung disease is generally caused by asbestos particles in the lungs from working or living in an environment with asbestos
silicosis
Chronic lung disease condition caused by breathing in silica dust and occurs in specific occupations
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant usually in 2-6 months. Recommend infants sleep in their back back instead of face down.
infections
Upper respiratory infections can affect any or all parts of the upper respiratory system. Known as common cold and can be caused by one of the 200 different viruses. Most common one is human rhinovirus
Allergic rhinitis
Technical term for allergy or allergic reaction to an airborne allergen, resulting in increased mucus and inflammation of the lining of the nose.
croup
Acute viral respiratory infection in children and infants. Patients exhibit a barking cough or high-pitched sound caused by blockage of air passages upon inhalation
Diphtheria
Bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. Infection produces toxins that damage the heart muscle and peripheral nervous system. It is rare now due to childhood immunizations
Influenza
Flu and caused by a viral infection leading to respiratory inflammation, fever, chills and muscle pain. Many strains of virus that cause the flu
Pertussis
Also known as whooping cough. Bacterial infection of the upper respiratory system leading to cough, breathlessness and noisy inhalation. Immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are given together as DPT immunization.
Sinusitis
Inflammation of sinuses
Epistasis
nose bleed
Laryngitis
Inflammation of larynx and is often associated with loss of voice
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx or sore throat. There can be numerous causes
Anoxia
Refers to absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is sufficient flow of blood. Brain damage occurs after 4-6 minutes.
Hypoxia
Condition of having too little oxygen in the body’s tissues and organs.
Altitude hypoxia
altitude sickness
Asphyxia
Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get oxygen it needs to function.
Asphyxiation
State of asphyxia or suffocation
eupnea
normal breathing
apnea
Temporary absence of spontaneous breathing
bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing or respiration rate, typically at a rate of 10 breaths per minute or less.
Tachypnea
Abnormally fast rate of respiration, typically at the rate of 20 breaths per minute or faster.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath (SOB) Refers to difficult or labored breathing
Hyperpnea
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal breathing at rest.
Hypopnea
Refers to shallow or slow respiration at rest.
Hyperventilation
Refers to an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration often associate with anxiety
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
Irregular pattern of breathing where the rate alternates between rapid and shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea.
Pleurisy
Known as pleuritis.
Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity.
hemothorax
Refers to a collection of blood in the pleural cavity typically caused by chest trauma.
Acute Respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS): Condition caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoking, inhaled vomit, or sepsis. Lung becomes inflamed and fluid fills the alveoli.Serious lung condition that causes low blood oxygenin lung and usually require ventilator to breathe
Pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue and alveoli leading to swelling
Pulmonary embolism
Refers to sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by an embolus (blood clott) that has moved from another part of the body through the vessel.
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by a specific bacterium leading to pleurisy and coughing up blood.Usually attack the lung but also attack other organs as well
Pneumonia
Refers to inflammation of the lungs where the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids.
