Reproductive System Flashcards
Male productive system function
It is to produce sperm & deliver them to female body. So sperm can untied with one ovum to create a new human
Female productive system function
It is to produce eggs for fertilizations each month. Once fertilized to nourish and protect the growing fetus until childbirth.
Scrotum
sack-like structure surrounding the testicles. Protects & support the testicles. It is suspended from from pubic arch behind the penis.
testicles (testes)
two small egg-shaped glands that produce the sperm
seminiferous tubules
Within each testicles. sperm are formed within the seminiferous tubules.
epididymis
coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle. It runs down the length of the testicle upward toward the body where its forms the vas deferens. Main function is to transport sperm
spermatic cord
attached to each testicles are the spermatic rods extending upward from the epididymis.
penis
male sex organ that transports the sperm into the female vagina. it is made of three columns of erectile tissue.
glans penis
head of the penis located at the tip of the penis
foreskin / prepuce
retractable double layers fold of skin that covers and protects the glans penis
vas deferens
Known as ductus deferens. It is a long narrow continuation of each epididymis. It joins the urethra
seminal vesicles
these are glands that secrete a thick ,yellow substances that nourishes the sperm cells. They are located at base of the urinary bladder.
ejaculatory duct
tube begins at the vas deferens and passes through prostate gland. It then empties into the urethra. During a reflex action caused by the ejaculatory ducts, semen passes into the urethra. Semen then exits the body through the penis
prostate gland
gland lies under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra where the vas deferens enter the urethra. It secretes a very thick, alkaline fluid to make semen. This fluid aids the motility of the sperm.
bulbourethral glands
There are two bulbourethral glands/ Cowper’s glands size of a pea-shaped. These are found below the prostate gland one on each side of the urethra. The glands secrete prejaculate during sexual arousal that helps flush out residual urine and foreign matter in the urethra. It also lubricated the urethra so the sperm pass through unencumbered.
urethra
organ is also part of the urinary tract. It passes through the penis to the outside of body serving both systems
mons pubis
rounded, fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis
vulva
consists of the labia, clitoris, bartholin’s glands, and vaginal orifice
clitoris
organ that is sensitive and contains erectile tissue. Located anterior to the urethral meatus and vaginal orifice
bartholin’s gland
2 small round glands produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina
labia majora and labia minora
Lip-type structures that protect the external genitalia and urethral meatus in vagina
vaginal orifice
exterior opening of vagina
breasts
fatty tissue that include mammary glands suspended by ligaments between the skin and pectoral muscles
mammary glands
these glands produced milk for nourishing the newborn infant. It include lactiferous ducts that that carry milk.
ovaries
a pair of small almond-shaped organs in the lower abdomen, on either side of the uterus. It produces and stores eggs and makes hormones that control the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
ova
Known as egg. Present at birth. After puberty, one egg (normally) matures and is released each moth for potential fertilization
fallopian tubes
two fallopian tubes that extend from upper end of the uterus to point near ovary
infundibulum
funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary. it catches and releases the eggs
fimbriae
fringed, finger- like extensions of the infundibulum. it catches and releases the eggs
uterus
pear-shaped organs with muscular walls. Inside is a mucous membrane lining with a rich blood vessel supply. The main function of the uterus is to nourish the developing fetus prior to birth
vagina
muscular tube lined with mucosa extending from the cervix to the outside of the body.
cervix
lower, narrow portion uterus that extends into the vagina. The cervix allows fluids, such as menstrual blood, to pass from the uterus into the vagina. It also widens during the birth of a baby
perimenopause
female transition between regular menstrual periods and no periods
menopause
normal termination of menstruation in women during middle age.
If fertilization does take place
Fertilized egg implants in the endometrial wall so that the egg can develop into a fetus.
ovulation
Refer to release of the mature egg from a follicle on the surface of one of the ovaries. This happens on about the 14th day of the female’s menstrual cycle. When ovum is released, it is caught up in the fimbriae of the fallopian tube and moved along toward the uterus. This takes about 5 days. If sperm is present, one can fertilize the ovum. After ovum has been released, the ruptured follicle enlarges and becomes the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle. This helps the uterine lining grow to support the fertilized egg. If the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum dies and is eliminated as menstrual flow
fertilization
During sexual intercourse, male ejaculate about 100 million sperm into the female’s vagina. The sperm travel upward through the vagina, into the uterus, and into the fallopian tube.
Conception
when sperm penetrates and fertilizes the descending ovum. The union is the beginning of new life and forms a single cell- a zygote. After fertilization, the zygote travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterus lining. At the 8th week of pregnancy, the zygote is referred to as an embryo. From the 9th week, the baby in utero is called a fetus.
Chorion
outer membrane that encloses the embryo
placenta
temporary organ that forms in uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the growing fetus. It also secrete hormones to maintain pregnancy.
amnioti sac
Innermost membrane surrounding the embryo in the uterus. Amniotic fluid is the liquid that protects the fetus inside the uterus.
afterbirth
When the placenta and fetal membranes are expelled after the birth of the baby.
umbilical cord
Refers to the tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to the growing fetus and transports waste from the fetus and transports waste from the fetus to be disposed of through the mother’s excretory system. The umbilical cord is attached to the fetus at the naval.
gestation
period of development of the baby in the uterus. Last for about 280 days or 40 weeks
Pregnancy
Condition of having a developing baby in the uterus. It is divided into three trimesters. Each trimester is about 13 weeks
Due date
Estimated date of confinement (EDC). It is calculated from the first day of menstrual period.
nulligravida
woman who has neven been pregnant
nullipara
woman who has never borne a viable child
primigravida
woman during her first pregnancy
primipara
woman who has one viable child
multiparous
woman who has given birth two or more times
first stage of labor
gradual dilation and effacement of cervix and rupture of the amniotic sac
effacement
process which cervix prepares for delivery by softening , shortening and thinning
second stage of labor
Begins when the cervix is dilated to 10cm. Contraction of the uterus becomes stronger and more frequent. When the mother can begin pushing to expel the child through the birth canal.
crowning
Also known as cephalic presentation. When baby’s head is coming out first
the third stage of delivery
the placenta is expelled from the mother as afterbirth.
