Urinary System Flashcards
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
dia-
through between apart complete
glomerul/o
glomerulus
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvic, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
vesic/o
urinary bladder
ablation
used to describe some types of prostate cancer treatment, involving removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods
acute renal failure
sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood
anuria
the absence of urine formed by the kidneys
begnign prostatic hyperplasia
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50
chronic kidney disease
the progressive loss of renal funciton over months or years
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystolith
stone located in the urinary bladder
cystocele
hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
cystoscopy
visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
dialysis
a procedure to remove products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function
diuresis
the increased output of urine
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
ectopic kidney
congential condition in which one kideny is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney
edema
swelling cuased by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symtomatic of nephotic syndrome and other kidney diseases
end-stage renal disease
the final stage of chronic kidney disease
epispadias
congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Male: on the upper surface of the penis
Female: in the region of the clitoris
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
glomerulonephritis
type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that cuases red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
hemodialysis
a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood
hydronephrosis
the dilation of one or both kidneys
hydroureter
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction
hyperproteinuria
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hypoproteinemia
the presence of abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood
hypospadias
the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Male: underside of penis
Female: Urethra opens into the vagina
incontinence
the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both
intersitital cystitis
inflammtion of the bladder
intravenous pyelogram
a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
nephrolith
a stone located in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolysis
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrons
the microscopic functional units of each kidney
nephropathy
any disease of the kidney
nephrostomy
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrotic syndrome
a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine
neurogenic bladder
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep
oliguria
scanty urinaiton
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
polycystic kidney disease
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polyuria
excessive urination
prostatism
a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney
pyelotomy
surgical incision into the renal pelvis
renal colic
acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during hte passage of a kidney stone
suprapubic catheterization
the placment of a urinary catherter into the bladder through a small incision made throgh the abdominal wall above the pubic bone
transurethral prostatectomy
the removal of excessive tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
Uremia
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
uretolith
stone located in the ureter
ureterorrhagia
the discharge of blood from the ureter
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty
surgical repair of damage or a defect of the walls of the urethra
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
urethrotomy
surgical incision into the urethra
urinary catheterization
the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution
vesicovaginal fistula
an abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
voiding cystourethrography
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
Wilms tumor
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
