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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

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3
Q

dia-

A

through between apart complete

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4
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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6
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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7
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

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8
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvic, bowl of kidney

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10
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

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11
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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12
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

-uria

A

urination, urine

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15
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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16
Q

ablation

A

used to describe some types of prostate cancer treatment, involving removal of a body part or the destruction of its function by surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods

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17
Q

acute renal failure

A

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood

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18
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formed by the kidneys

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19
Q

begnign prostatic hyperplasia

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50

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20
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

the progressive loss of renal funciton over months or years

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21
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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22
Q

cystolith

A

stone located in the urinary bladder

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23
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

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24
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

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25
Q

dialysis

A

a procedure to remove products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

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26
Q

diuresis

A

the increased output of urine

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27
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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28
Q

ectopic kidney

A

congential condition in which one kideny is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

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29
Q

edema

A

swelling cuased by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symtomatic of nephotic syndrome and other kidney diseases

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30
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

the final stage of chronic kidney disease

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31
Q

epispadias

A

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Male: on the upper surface of the penis
Female: in the region of the clitoris

32
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

33
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that cuases red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

34
Q

hemodialysis

A

a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

35
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation of one or both kidneys

36
Q

hydroureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

37
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

38
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

the presence of abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood

39
Q

hypospadias

A

the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Male: underside of penis
Female: Urethra opens into the vagina

40
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

41
Q

intersitital cystitis

A

inflammtion of the bladder

42
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

43
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney

44
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of stones in the kidney

45
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

46
Q

nephrons

A

the microscopic functional units of each kidney

47
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

48
Q

nephrostomy

A

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

50
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

51
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night

51
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep

52
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urinaiton

53
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back

54
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

55
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

56
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

57
Q

prostatism

A

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

58
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney

59
Q

pyelotomy

A

surgical incision into the renal pelvis

60
Q

renal colic

A

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during hte passage of a kidney stone

61
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

the placment of a urinary catherter into the bladder through a small incision made throgh the abdominal wall above the pubic bone

62
Q

transurethral prostatectomy

A

the removal of excessive tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

63
Q

Uremia

A

a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

64
Q

uretolith

A

stone located in the ureter

65
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

the discharge of blood from the ureter

66
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

67
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of damage or a defect of the walls of the urethra

68
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra

69
Q

urethrostenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra

70
Q

urethrotomy

A

surgical incision into the urethra

71
Q

urinary catheterization

A

the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution

72
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

an abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

73
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

74
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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