Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
anti-
against
carcin/o
cancerous
immun/o
immune, protection, safe
lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic tissue
lymphaden/o
lymph node or gland
lymphangi/o
lyph vessel
neo- or ne/o
new, strange
-oma
tumor, neoplasm
onc/o
tumor
phag/o
eat, swallow
-plasm
formative material of cells
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
splen/o
spleen
-tic
pertaining to
tox/o
poison, poisonous
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection
allergen
a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
anaphylaxis
a severe, systemic response to an allergen
antibiotics
medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria
antifungal
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
antigen
any substanec that the body regards as being foreign
antigen-antibody reaction
binding antigens to antibodies; this reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system
autoimmune disorder
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens
bacilli
rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria
bacteria
A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic
benign
something that is not life-threatening
candidiasis
a yeast infection
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
carcinoma in situ
a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
complement system
a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an active form; when needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells
COVID-19
a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
cytokines
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells; these cells act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response
cytomegalovirus
a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids
cytotoxic drug
medication that kills or damages cells
ductal carcinoma in situ
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the abnormal cells have broken through the wall of the milk duct
hemolytic
destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
herpes zoster
an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the under lying route of an inflamed nerve
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
a cancer of the immune system distinguished by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
human immunodeficiency virus
a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opporunistic infections
immunoglobulins
antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
immunosuppressant
a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response
immunotherapy
a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune system
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
breast cancer that starts in the milk duct and invades the fatty breast tissue outside the duct
interferons
produced on response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells; interferons activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses
lyphadenopathy
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
lymphangioma
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
lymphedema
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
lymphocytes
also known as lymphoid cells; leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells; work together with the body’s organs to defend the body against antigens
lymphoma
a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues
lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformation s of the lymphatic vessels
macrophage
a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells; macrophages also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells
malaria
a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
mammography
an x-ray examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells
metastasis
describes the process by which cancer is spread to a new site, and the term is also used to describe the tumor itself.
metastasize
to spread from one place to another, as in cancer
myoma
benign tumor of the muscle tissue
myosarcoma
malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma
opportunistic infection
infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans
osteosarcoma
a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee
parasite
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
rabies
an acute viral infection transmitted to human by the bite or saliva of an infected animal
rickettsia
a small bacterium that lives in live, fleas, ticks, and mites
rubella
viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash
sarcoma
malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard and, more commonly, soft tissues
spirochetes
long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and aer capable of movement
splenomegaly
an abnormal lenlargment of the spleen
staphylococci
a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes
steptococci
bacterio that form a chain
systemic reaction
also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen; the symptoms of this response develop quickly, and without prompt medical aid, the patient can die within a few minutes
teletherapy
precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
toxoplasmosis
a disease caused by a a parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contat with contaminated feces
varicella
a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpoz
