Digestive System Flashcards
an/o
anus, ring
chol/e
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
col/o
colon, large intestine,
colon/o
colon, large intestine
-emesis
vomiting
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach, belly
hepat/o
liver
-lithiasis
presence of stones
-papsia
digest, digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
proct/o
anus and rectum
rect/o
rectum, straight
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
anatomosis
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
antiemetic
medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
ascites
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
bariatrics
the branch of medicine for the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
borborygmus
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
cachexia
physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer and AIDS.
canker sores
gray-white pits (aphthous ulcers) with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
celiac disease
autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten
cheilitis
inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth, also known as cheilosis
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
cholangitis
acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
cholelithiasis
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
cirrhosis
a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
colonoscopy
direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope
colostomy
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
Crohn’s disease
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
dental prophylaxis
professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon
diverticulosis
the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall
dyspepsia
pain or discomfort in digestion
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
endoscopy
a visual examination of internal structures
enema
the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophagogastrodudenoscopy
an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
gastroduodenostomy
the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
gastroesophageal reflux disease
the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroparesis
a condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
gastrostomy tube
a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly on the abdomen, directly into the stomach
hematemesis
the vomiting of coagulated blood
Hemoccult test
A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
Hiatal hernia
An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration,
ileus
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of the bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skins, mucous membranes, and eyes
leukoplakia
an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek, develop in response to chronic irritation in the mouth such as smoking, chewing tobacco, or constant rubbing against a broken tooth
malocclusion
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
melena
the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools
nasogastric intubation
the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
obesity
an excessive accumulation of fat in the body
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip
peptic ulcer disease
a disease characterized by sores that affect the mucus membranes of the digestive system.
peristalsis
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.
polyp
a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
proctologist
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
salmonellosis
an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products
sigmoidoscopy
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
trismus
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
ulcerative colitis
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself causing an obstruction
xerostomia
the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
