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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

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2
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

col/o

A

colon, large intestine,

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5
Q

colon/o

A

colon, large intestine

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6
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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7
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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8
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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9
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

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10
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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11
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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12
Q

-papsia

A

digest, digestion

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13
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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14
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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15
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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16
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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17
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

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18
Q

anatomosis

A

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

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19
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

bariatrics

A

the branch of medicine for the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

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22
Q

borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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23
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer and AIDS.

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24
Q

canker sores

A

gray-white pits (aphthous ulcers) with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

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25
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten

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26
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth, also known as cheilosis

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27
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

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28
Q

cholangitis

A

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

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29
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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30
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

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30
Q

cholelithiasis

A

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

30
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

31
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

32
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

33
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

34
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar

35
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon

36
Q

diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall

37
Q

dyspepsia

A

pain or discomfort in digestion

38
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

39
Q

endoscopy

A

a visual examination of internal structures

40
Q

enema

A

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

41
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

42
Q

eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

43
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

44
Q

esophagogastrodudenoscopy

A

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

45
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

46
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

47
Q

gastroparesis

A

a condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

48
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

49
Q

hematemesis

A

the vomiting of coagulated blood

50
Q

Hemoccult test

A

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

51
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

52
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

53
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration,

54
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine

55
Q

inguinal hernia

A

the protrusion of a small loop of the bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

56
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skins, mucous membranes, and eyes

57
Q

leukoplakia

A

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek, develop in response to chronic irritation in the mouth such as smoking, chewing tobacco, or constant rubbing against a broken tooth

58
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

59
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

60
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

61
Q

obesity

A

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

62
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip

63
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

a disease characterized by sores that affect the mucus membranes of the digestive system.

64
Q

peristalsis

A

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.

65
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

66
Q

proctologist

A

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

67
Q

regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

68
Q

salmonellosis

A

an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products

69
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

70
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

71
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

72
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

73
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself causing an obstruction

74
Q

xerostomia

A

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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