Challenging Terms (MidTerm) Flashcards
Intermittent Claudication:
Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
Muscular dystrophy
A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscle that control movement affecting the nervous system
Myasthenia gravis
A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles
Myofascial release
A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weaking of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
Leukemia
A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in bloodforming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood.
Myocardial Infarction
The occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
A type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
Angioplasty
A technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel
Embolus
A foreign object, such as a blood clot, a quanity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood
Raynaud’s disease
A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.
Supraventricular tachycardia
A very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles
Cor
Coronary artery disease
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
Lymphangioma
A benign tumor formed by a abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.
Varicella
A highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpox
Herpes zoster
An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve.
Toxoplasmosis
A disease caused by a parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces
Interferons
Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells; interferons activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses.
-tic
pertaining to
cytomegalovirus
a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids
Rubella
A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash.
Immunotherapy
A disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune system
-plasm
formative material of cells
cytokines
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells; these cells act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response
lymphoscintigraphy
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of teh lymphatic vessels
Rabies
An acute viral infeciton transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
A cancer of the immune system distinguished by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocutes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column
Fistula
An abnormal passage usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body
Communicable disease
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
mesentery
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
iatrogenic illness
-plasia
development, growth, formation
the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions.
etiology
hyperplasia
an increase in he number of cells in a tissue or organ.
anomaly
a deviation from what is regarded as normal.
caudal
toward the lower part of the body.
path/o and -pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
avascular necrosis
an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow
combining form for synovial membrane, synovial fluid
synovi/o, synov/o
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve.
radiculopathy
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow
Callus
a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
What are the combining forms for bone?
Oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
pathologic fracture
a fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
ankylosing spondylitis
a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
malleolus
a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
laminectomy
surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
spinal stenosis
a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain
a stem cell transplant to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas
bone marrow transplant
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
dual x-ray absorptiometry
autologous
originating within an individual
Paget’s disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
polymyalgia rheumatica
an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
crepitation
cartilage
chrondr/o, chrondr/i
foot
pod/o
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it
spondylolisthesis
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints
gout
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
compartment syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running
clon/o
violent action
tendinopathy
general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint (ie rotator cuff)
contracture
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis
dystonia
a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
ahesion
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
inflammation of the sheath around a tendon
tenosynovitis
