The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
anter/o
before, front
caud/o
lower part of body, tail
cephal/o
head
cyt/o
cell
-cyte
cell
end-
in, within, inside
endo-
in, within, inside
exo-
out of, outside, away from
hist/o
tissue
-ologist
specialist
-ology
the science or study of
path/o
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
-pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
development, growth, formation
poster/o
behind, toward the back
-stasis
control, maintenance of a constant level
-static
control, maintenance of a constant level
abdominal cavity
contains the major organs of digestion
adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body
adenoma
benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of gland or gland-like structure
anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
anatomy
the study of the structures of the body
anomaly
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anterior
situated in the front
aplasia
the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
atresia
congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage
autopsy
a postmortem examinaiton
bloodborne transmission
the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids
caudal
toward the lower part of the body
cephalic
toward the head
chromosome
a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
communicable disease
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
dorsal
the back of the organ or body
dysplasia
the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area
endocrine glands
produce hormones, do not have ducts
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epigastric region
located aboe the stomach
etiology
the study of the casues of diseases or abnormal conditions
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
functional disorder
a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified
genetic disorder
a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
homeostasis
the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
hypertrophy
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissue
hypogastric region
located below the stomach
hypoplasia
the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
idiopathic disease
any disease without a known cause
infectious disease
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
inguinal
relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen
medial
the direction toward, or, nearer the midline
mesentery
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
midsagittal plane
also known as the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area sometimes even worldwide
pathology
the study of disease
pelvic cavity
the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
peritoneum
a multilayered membrane that protects and hold the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
posterior
situated in the back or on the back part of an organ
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
syndrome
a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process
thoracic cavity
also known as the chest cavity or thorax; surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
transverse plane
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Umbilicus
commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth
Vector-bone transmission
is the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors
ventral
refers to the front, or belly sie, of the organ or body
