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Medical Terminology > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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4
Q

chondr/i, chondr/o

A

cartilage

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5
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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6
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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7
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

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8
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

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9
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

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10
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar, lower back

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11
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow,

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12
Q

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

bone

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13
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

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14
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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15
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid,

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16
Q

acetabulum

A

also known as the hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

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17
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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18
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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19
Q

arthrodesis

A

the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder

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20
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope

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21
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

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22
Q

avascular necrosis

A

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

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23
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas

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24
Q

callus

A

a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing.

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25
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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26
Q

comminuted fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

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27
Q

compression fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is pressed together

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28
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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29
Q

crepitation

A

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

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30
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low-exposure radiography measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

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31
Q

fat embolus

A

the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured.

32
Q

gout

A

a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

33
Q

hallux valgus

A

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

34
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

35
Q

hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

36
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

37
Q

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symtoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

38
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

39
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

40
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumber spine

41
Q

lumbago

A

the general term for pain in the lumber region of the spine

42
Q

malleolus

A

a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

43
Q

manubrium

A

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

44
Q

metacarpals

A

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

45
Q

metatarsals

A

form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached to the

46
Q

multiple myeloma

A

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow

47
Q

open fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

48
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

also known as an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders involving the bones, joints and muscles

49
Q

orthotic

A

a mechanical appliance such as a shoe insert leg brace or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensation for impaired limb function

50
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

51
Q

osteoarthritis

A

the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging

52
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

53
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bone in adults

54
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

55
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner-than-average bone density

56
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

57
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall

58
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

59
Q

pathologic fracture

A

a fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

60
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

61
Q

podiatrist

A

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

62
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

63
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part

64
Q

radiculopathy

A

a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve

65
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

66
Q

rickets

A

a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone grouth due to vitamin D deficiency

67
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

68
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

69
Q

spinal stenosis

A

is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain

70
Q

spiral fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone had been twisted apart

71
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumber vertebrae on the vertebra below it

72
Q

spondylosis

A

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

73
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

74
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee

75
Q

vertebrae

A

bony structural units of the spinal column

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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