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Medical Terminology > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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3
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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4
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

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5
Q

brady-

A

slow

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

-crasia

A

mixture or blending

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8
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood condition

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9
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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10
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

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11
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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12
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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13
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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14
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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15
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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16
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

medication administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

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17
Q

anemia

A

a disorder characterized by a lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.

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18
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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19
Q

angina

A

a condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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20
Q

angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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21
Q

anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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22
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a condition characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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23
Q

arrhythmia

A

a loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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24
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

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25
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

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26
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

rapid uncontrolled twitching of the muscular wall of the artria

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27
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

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28
Q

beta-blocker

A

medication administered to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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29
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute

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30
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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31
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and guided into the heart

32
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

all diseases of the heart muscle

33
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

34
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

35
Q
A
36
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

37
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

38
Q

defibrillation

A

the emergency use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

39
Q

diuretic

A

medication administered to stimulate the kidney to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

40
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

41
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

42
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

43
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

44
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells, produced by the red bone marrow; primary role of these cells is to transport oxygen to the tissues

45
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying blood protein pirgment of the erythrocytes

46
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

condition characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen

47
Q

hemorrhage

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

48
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

49
Q

leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

50
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells; involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

51
Q
A
52
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

53
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of th evalve to close completely

54
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow

55
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

56
Q

orthostatic hypotension,

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

57
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that enclosed the heart

58
Q

pernicious anemia

A

anemia caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the astrointestinal tract

59
Q

phelbitis

A

inflammation of the vein

60
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

61
Q

sepsis

A

a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

62
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a serious genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape. This sickle shape interferes with normal blood flow resulting in damage to most of the body systems

63
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute

64
Q

temporal arteritis

A

inflammation of the temporal arteries that can cause headache visual impairment or other symptoms

65
Q

thallium stress test

A

a nuclear imaging test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the blood stream

66
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

67
Q

thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

68
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

69
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

70
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

71
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

72
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

73
Q

venous thromboembolism

A

a blood clot that orginates in a vein

74
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular, and useless contrations of the ventricles

75
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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